Combined, sequential dye analysis and radiocarbon dating of single ancient textile yarns from a Nazca tunic

Smith, Gregory D.; Chen, Victor J.; Holden, Amanda; Haghipour, Negar; Hendriks, Laura

doi:10.1186/s40494-022-00811-5

Heritage Science

Table 1 Sample identifiers, observed colors, extraction protocols, and dyes identified by LC–DAD–MS

From: Combined, sequential dye analysis and radiocarbon dating of single ancient textile yarns from a Nazca tunic

Sample	Color	Sample	Fiber weight/mg	1st Extraction		2nd Extraction		Possible dyestuff
Sample	Color	Sample	Fiber weight/mg	Method	Dyes identified	Method	Dyes identified	Possible dyestuff
1	Colorless	A	1170	Not attempted
2	Orange	A	386	HF-MeOH/water	6-methoxyquercetin-3-O-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-glucosides, unk. anthraquinone 1, kaempfereol-3-O-glucoside, isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside, unk. anthraquinone 2, lucidin primeveroside, quercetin-3-O-sulfate, quercetin, 6-methoxyquercitin, kaempferol, isorhamnetin, pseudopurpurin, munjistin, xanthopurpurin, purpurin, rubiadin	None attempted		Relbunium, F. haumanii
2	Orange	B	488	Oxalic-MeOH/water	6-methoxyquercetin-3-O-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-glucosides, unk. anthraquinone 1, kaempfereol-3-O-glucoside, isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside, unk. anthraquinone 2, lucidin primeveroside, quercetin-3-O-sulfate, quercetin, 6-methoxyquercitin, kaempferol, isorhamnetin, pseudopurpurin, munjistin, xanthopurpurin, purpurin, rubiadin	None attempted		Relbunium, F. haumanii
3	Red	A	1110	HF-MeOH/water	6-methoxyquercetin-3-O-glucosides, quercetin-3-O-glucosides, unk. anthraquinone 1, kaempfereol-3-O-glucoside, isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside, unk. anthraquinone 2, lucidin primeveroside, quercetin-3-O-sulfate, quercetin, kaempferol, pseudopurpurin, munjistin, xanthopurpurin, purpurin, rubiadin	None attempted		Relbunium, minor flavonoid yellow
3	Red	B	1322	Oxalic-MeOH/water	6-methoxyquercetin-3-O-glucosides, quercetin-3-O-glucosides, unk. anthraquinone 1, kaempfereol-3-O-glucoside, isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside, unk. anthraquinone 2, luciden primeveroside, quercetin, 6-methoxyquercetin, kaempferol, pseudopurpurin, munjistin, xanthopurpurin, purpurin, rubiadin	None attempted		Relbunium, minor flavonoid yellow
4	Brown	A	456	HF-MeOH/water	6-methoxyquercetin-3-O-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, isatin, kaempfereol-3-O-glucoside, isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-sulfate, quercetin, 6-methoxyquercitin, kaempferol, isorhamnetin, indigotin, indirubin	DMSO	indigotin, indirubin	natural indigoid, flavonoid yellow
4	Brown	B	526	Oxalic-MeOH/water	6-methoxyquercetin-3-O-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, isatin, kaempfereol-3-O-glucoside, isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-sulfate, quercetin, 6-methoxyquercitin, kaempferol, isorhamnetin, indigotin, indirubin	None attempted		natural indigoid, flavonoid yellow
5	Black	A	546	HF-MeOH/water	isatin, pseudoindirubin, pseudoindirubin-2, indigotin, indirubin	DMSO	isatin, pseudoindirubin, indigotin, indirubin	natural indigoid
5	Black	B	570	Oxalic-MeOH/water	isatin, pseudoindirubin, pseudoindirubin-2, indigotin, indirubin	None attempted		natural indigoid

Tabulated and graphic examples of retention times, absorption maxima, and MS data for the compounds identified are available in Additional file 1: Table S1 and Fig. S2

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