Shrinkage and mechanical properties of drying oil paints

Heritage Science

Table 2 Elasticity modulus, Poisson’s ratio, strain at break and cumulative shrinkage of the oil paints investigated

Pigments and driers	Drying time [year]	Modulus of elasticity [MPa]	Poisson ratio [−]	Strain at break [10^− 2]	Cumulative shrinkage [10^− 2]	Source
Lead white	0.2	18		7.3		[9, 15]
	0.3	34		6.8
	1	110		6.4
	10	210		4.8
	14.2	370		4.7
	18.7	430		3.6
	15	270		2.0		[10]
	31	970, 1080	0.3, –	0.8, 1.5	0.5	This study
Lead white with litharge	0.2	41		2.0		[9, 15]
	0.3	120		5.0
	1	280		3.2
	10	430		2.6
	16.7	650		1
	15	660		1.8		[10]
	31	2900	0.5	0.5	0.9	This study
Zinc white	8	450		2.0		[16]
	8	670		1.3		[9, 15]
	9.5	370				[9, 15]
	15	700		0.3		[10]
	23	2000, 3000	0.5, –	0.1, 0.3	0.3	This study
Sap green	1.2	110		2.4		[15]
	7.4	310		1.4
	14.2	510		0.8
	23	730	0.5	0.75	0.3	This study
Verdigris	1.25	670		0.6		[15]
	7.5	1800		0.2		[15]
	21	1100, 2800	0.6, 0.5	0.1, 0.1	1.7	This study
Red iron oxide	1.25	11		11		[15]
	7.5	4.0		7.1		[15]
	29	50	0.3	2.8	No shrinkage	This study
Malachite	1.25	99				[15]
	7.4	260		1.8
	14.2	190		3.4
	22	3300	0.5^a	0.2	0.8	This study
Synthetic ultramarine	1.25	140		2.6		[15]
	1.5	96
	7.5	9.0		3.9
	29	1400	0.2	0.4	Not determined	This study

^aValue assumed due to similarity of moduli of elasticity of malachite and lead white with litharge