Table 1 Recipes for iron gall inks in al-Qalalūsī, emphasizing the extraction procedures described in the treatise. Other recipes not included; one recipe based on carbon (soot) admixed with a phenolic solution (QI.13); one based on carbon, QI.14; two prepared with an extract obtained from cork oak (QI.10), anemone (QI.18) and redwood (QI.19)

From: The making of black inks in an Arabic treatise by al-Qalalūsī dated from the 13th c.: reproduction and characterisation of iron-gall ink recipes