Table 5 Raman band positions for al-Qalalūsī inks and an iron-gallate reference; Raman bands used to identify iron-gall inks in historical documents are shaded in blue: around 1470 cm−1, between 1315 and 1350 cm−1, 490–640 cm−1 (broad) and 400 cm−1
Fe3+-gallate | QI2 | QI3 | QI4 | QI5 | QI11 | QI19 | Lee et al. [47] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
401 (w) | 400 (w) | 403 (w) | 403 (w) | 400 (w) | 400 (w) | – | 400 (w) |
– | – | – | – | – | – | 496 (w) | – |
525 (sh) | 534 (sh) | 527 (sh) | 527 (sh) | 539 (sh) | 526 (sh) | 523 (w) | – |
– | – | – | – | – | – | 543 (w) | – |
594 (s) | 607 (s) | 607 (s) | 607 (s) | 603 (s) | 607 (s) | 579 (s) | 500–600 (br) |
– | – | – | – | – | – | 635 (sh) | – |
– | – | – | – | – | – | 694 (w) | 710 (w) |
– | 776 (m) | 776 (m) | 776 (m) | 776 (m) | 776 (m) | – | – |
814 (m) | 828 (m) | 828 (m) | 828 (m) | 831 (m) | 828 (m) | 825 (w) | 815 (w) |
– | – | – | – | – | – | 852 (w) | – |
950 (m) | 950 (w) | 950 (w) | 950 (w) | 950 (w) | 950 (w) | – | 960 (w) |
– | – | – | 989 (w) | – | 983 (w) | ||
1092 (w) | 1093 (w) | 1093 (w) | 1084 (w) | 1083 (w) | 1083 (w) | – | 1095 (w) |
– | – | – | – | – | – | 1170 (w) | – |
1206 (sh) | 1214 (w) | 1211 (w) | 1211 (w) | 1215 (w) | 1215 (w) | 1203 (w) | – |
1230 (m) | 1247 (w) | 1241 (w) | 1247 (w) | 1248 (w) | 1240 (w) | 1253 (w) | 1230 (w) |
1327 (s) | 1345(s) | 1343 (s) | 1346 (s) | 1346 (s) | 1342 (s) | 1335 (s) | 1315 (s) |
1430 (sh) | 1435 (m) | 1431 (m) | 1431 (m) | 1431 (m) | 1431 (m) | – | 1425 (s) |
1470 (s) | 1477 (s) | 1477 (s) | 1481 (s) | 1481 (s) | 1474 (s) | 1480 (s) | 1470 (s) |
1575 (m) | 1583 (m) | 1579 (m) | 1583 (m) | 1586 (m) | 1576 (m) | 1553 (m) | 1575 (s) |