Harmonious Coexistence of Cultural Heritage Protection 2 and Tourism: The Mount Lushan Comprehensive 3 Tourism Platform

6 The coordinated development of heritage protection and tourism is the goal of both cultural 7 heritage sites and sustainable heritage tourism. However, the development of sustainable 8 heritage tourism can be restricted due to insufficient resources for heritage tourism marketing 9 as well as insufficient cultural heritage protection measures. This study uses digital methods 10 such as oblique photography, 3D laser scanning technology and panoramic technology to 11 digitize the cultural landscape heritage site. Using these methods, we build a virtual tourism 12 subsystem to improve tourists’ experience of cultural heritage tourism resources and enhance 13 the attraction of cultural heritage tourism. In addition, we build a tourist flow and 14 environmental monitoring and management subsystem based on the Internet of Things 15 technology. This subsystem can help managers adjust and regulate tourist flow according to 16 the tourism carrying capacity threshold. We also conduct an ecological environment health 17 assessment and management simulation according to the “Pressure-Status- Response” model, 18 in doing so, we aim to enhance the protection of cultural heritage sites. Finally, we develop a 19 comprehensive platform to integrate tourism marketing and heritage protection management 20 functions. The results of this study provide a new approach for the coordination of and 21 symbiosis between the protection of cultural heritage and tourism activity. GPRS: Radio Service; Light


Introduction
Since the 21st century, the rapid urbanization process and the growing tourism market have 25 accelerated the development of heritage resources, which have in turn led to further tourism 26 development and economic growth [1] . However, in its development process, it faces the 27 contradiction between expanding tourist flow and avoiding the destruction of ecological 28 environment and cultural heritage [2] . On the one hand, there is a conflict between heritage 29 protection and tourism development. Overcrowding from an excess of tourists may destroy 30 the value of the heritage sites [3] . It can also lead to biodiversity loss, generate additional solid 31 waste, and cause water, air, and noise pollution, all of which destroy the environment of 32 cultural heritage sites [4] . On the other hand, insufficient marketing of cultural heritage sites 33 has reduced the attractiveness of heritage tourism. In recent years, three-dimensional virtual 34 reality visualization has become of great significance to the marketing of cultural heritage sites 35 [5] . However, due to the lack of infrastructure and human capital in these sites, virtual 36 experiences cannot meet the needs of tourists [6] , nor are they conducive to their development. 37 Heritage tourism and sustainable development are closely related [7] . In order to sustainably 38 develop the cultural heritage tourism industry, it is necessary to strengthen the marketing of 39 cultural heritage sites. It is also necessary to improve the protection methods for cultural 40 heritage sites. 41 Technology plays an important role in both heritage marketing and environmental 42 protection. Three-dimensional virtual reality technology is the most innovative means of 43 tourism marketing [8] . The application of virtual reality technology can make tourists 44 experience immersive, enhance tourists' willingness to travel, and transform cultural heritage 45 management into a digital tourism experience [9] . In terms of cultural heritage protection, 3D 46 (three-dimensional) digital technology is usually used for digital preservation and 47 reconstruction of historical buildings [10,11] . Video surveillance technology and electronic 48 ticketing systems can be used to monitor tourist travel behavior [12] , while wireless sensors can 49 be used to monitor sites and their surrounding environment [13,14] . Therefore, the application 50 of such technology can increase the level of protection for heritage sites while at the same time 51 promoting tourism. 52 In terms of heritage digitization, there have been studies on digital reconstruction of cultural 53 relics and less digital protection of large cultural landscapes. Scholars used laser scanning and 54 digital photogrammetry technology in the process of digitizing large-scale historical sites [15] , 55 and large-scale cultural landscapes also need to combine different technologies. In terms of 56 tourist flow management, scholars have begun to use the Internet of Things technology to 57 collect tourists data and manage tourist flow [16] , but there are still few studies on the regulation 58 mechanism of tourism capacity, and it is necessary to further explore tourism capacity 59 management with practical application value tool. In terms of ecological environment 60 management, with the widespread application of Internet of Things technology in ecological 61 environment monitoring, making full use of monitoring data and conducting environmental 62 health assessment and management has become an important research direction [17] . 63 Sustainable heritage tourism is a complex concept [18] , involving many elements [19] . is not effective. This is not conducive to the area's successful tourism marketing. On the other 96 hand, with the arrival of large numbers of tourists, a series of ecological and environmental 97 problems have arisen [21,22] . In this area, there is a lack of equipment to monitor the flow of 98 passengers as well as environmental quality. Moreover, the monitoring data is not linked to 99 the web portal. Tourists cannot view the tourist flow and the ecological environment from the 100 website, which is not conducive to cultural heritage promotion and protection. The website 101 also lacks e-commerce modules, which reduces the attractiveness of cultural heritage sites.

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Methods and models 103 Based on the perspective of system thinking [23] , the cultural heritage tourism system is   To digitize the geographic background scene, we adopted a technical process integrating a 127 slanting 3D model establishment and 3-D (DSM, DEM, DLG) product production, as shown 128 in Fig.2. This technical process ensured the accuracy of all products, as well as high efficiency 129 and low production cost. First, the original image was obtained using oblique camera 130 technology [24] ; then, aerial photography was carried out using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles 131 (UAVs) with oblique cameras. Next, we used a computer modeling system to perform 132 automatic aerial triangulation calculations on the collected oblique photographic images, 133 which enabled us to build a 3D model. We obtained data outputs for the Digital Surface Model  The terrestrial laser scanner can quickly scan the measured object, it directly obtains high-145 precision scanning point cloud data without a reflection prism, which can efficiently carry out 146 3D modeling and virtual reproduction of historic buildings [11] . In this study, we used 3D laser 147 scanning technology to obtain the point cloud data for historic buildings in Mount Lushan. We 148 then used the 3Ds Max software to process the point cloud data in order to obtain the 3D model. In order to make full use of the monitoring data, we applied several relevant models to 178 strengthen the management of the cultural landscape. Specifically, we strengthened the 179 application level of the monitoring and management system by combining the spatial carrying  The spatial carrying capacity model is adopted to represent the tourism capacity of Mount  The planar calculation method is applicable to areas with relatively flat terrain and relatively 188 uniform distribution of scenic spots and reception facilities. It is obtained as follows: C1 is the spatial carrying capacity (persons/d), A is the scenic area (m 2 ), A0 is the reasonable 191 area occupied per capita (m 2 ), and T is the average daily opening time (h). Although the scenic 192 area is open 24 hours per day, tourists are mainly visiting during the daytime, so T is set to 8 193 hours in our study. t0 is the average time required for visitors to visit the scenic area (h).

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The linear capacity calculation method is suitable for tourists that visit the area along a tour 195 path. The channel where the inlet and outlet are not in the same position is a complete channel, 196 and the resource space capacity is obtained as follows: If the path is incomplete and the entrance and exit are in the same position, tourists can only 199 return by retracing their steps on the original path. The spatial carrying capacity formula is as 200 follows: In Equations (2)

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The PSR model was first proposed in 1979 for the study of environmental problems. It has 208 become a commonly used model to evaluate environmental quality [29] . In the PSR model, "P" 209 refers to the pressure index, which is used to describe the pressure applied to the ecological     The subsystem can provide various services for tourists. First, when buying a ticket, identity 304 information such as the tourist' ID number and name will be associated with the electronic 305 ticket to facilitate the rapid search and location of the lost tourist, which is conducive to tourist 306 safety. Second, the subsystem can also display the number of tourists, personal information, 307 location information, and real-time tourist flow data in the scenic spots in the form of charts.

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Tourists can then adjust their routes according to the tourist flows displayed.

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We constructed the tourist flow adjustment and control mechanism based on the spatial   Next, what we want to achieve is a non-real-time environmental information monitoring-357 feedback-management mechanism (using annual data for lag management). We input long-  Table 4. Note: "+" represents a positive indicator and "-" represents a negative indicator; we assume that the weight of each index is equal 368 and set at 0.08.

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Eq. (4) was used to calculate the 2016-2018 index data, and a comprehensive index value was obtained for each year. Table 4 also shows the analysis results regarding the    for large-scale cultural heritage sites that lack a comprehensive digital framework [31] . In this 427 case study, we applied comprehensive and diverse digital methods to construct a digital The dataset supporting the conclusions of this article is included within the article .

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Competing interests 506 The authors declare that they have no competing interests.