Table 1 The paint layer tratigraphy and the pigments
Colour | Sample | Layer (from top to bottom) | Thickness(μm) | SEM-EDX | Pigments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Blue | Gx-10 | Not continuous black layer | 2-3 | C,O | Flame carbons |
Dark blue layer | 11-30 | Cu | Azurite | ||
Green layer | 11-20 | Cu, Pb | Malachite, lead white | ||
Gx-15 | White layer | 5-20 | Pb | Lead white | |
Blue layer | 10-40 | Fe | Prussian blue | ||
Gd-3 | Not continuous blue layer | 5-10 | Fe | Prussian blue | |
Brown layer | 5-10 | Pb | Red lead, PbO2 | ||
Zx 1-8 | Blue layer | 40-70 | Si, K, Co, As,Fe, Bi, Ni | Smalt | |
Zx 2-2 | Not continuous blue layer | 8-20 | Fe | Prussian blue | |
Black layer | 2-3 | C,O | Flame carbons | ||
Zb2-2 | Blue layer | 20-25 | Fe | Prussian blue | |
Green | Gx-9 | Green layer | 14-25 | Cu, Pb | Malachite, lead white |
Gd-2 | Green layer | 11-25 | Cu | Malachite, azurite | |
Zx 1-6 | Green layer | 70-100 | Cu, Cl | Atacamite, botallackite | |
Zx 1-7 | Green layer | 50-90 | Cu, Pb | Malachite, lead white | |
Zb 2-3 | Green layer | 20-28 | Cu, Cl, Pb | Botallackite, lead white | |
Red | Gx-11 | Red layer | 10-28 | Hg, S, Pb | Cinnabar, lead white |
Blue layer | 11-25 | Fe | Prussian blue | ||
Gx-14 | Dark red layer | 7-13 | Fe, Ca, K, Al, Si | Red ochre | |
White layer | 10-17 | Pb | Lead white | ||
Gd-1 | Red layer | 7-15 | Hg, S, Pb | Cinnabar, lead white | |
Blue layer | 5-15 | Fe | Prussian blue | ||
Zx 1-5 | Red layer | 20-40 | Hg, S | Cinnabar | |
Zx 1-14 | Red layer | 5-8 | Pb, Fe, Ca, K, Al, Si | Red ochre, lead white | |
White layer | 5-10 | Pb | Lead white | ||
Zd-3 | Red layer | 2-4 | C, O, Al, Si, Ca, Fe | Dyestuff | |
White layer | 3-4 | Pb | Lead white | ||
Zx 2-3 | Orange layer | 5-15 | Pb | Red lead | |
Zx 2-4 | Orange layer | 12-20 | Pb | Red lead | |
Zx 2-5 | Red layer | 14-22 | Hg, S | Cinnabar | |
Orange layer | 12-25 | Pb | Red lead | ||
Yellow | Zx 1-13 | Yellow layer | 3-6 | Fe, Ca, S, K, Al, Si | Yellow ochre |
White layer | 8-12 | Pb | Lead white | ||
Zb 2-4 | Yellow layer | 10-30 | As, S | Orpiment | |
Brown | Gx-7 | Brown layer | 5-8 | Fe, Ca, K, Al, Si | Red ochre |
Gx-8 | Brown layer | 5-20 | Pb, As, S | Red lead, lead white, PbO2, orpiment | |
Gx-12 | Brown layer | 4-20 | Pb | Red lead | |
White | Zx 1-12 | White layer | 25-40 | Pb | Lead white |
Black | Zx1-1 | Black layer | 13-35 | C,O | Flame carbons |
Gold | Zd-2 | Gold layer | 5-10 | Au, Ag, Cu | Gold leaf |
Brownish red layer | 10-15 | C, O, Pb | Red lead, binding media | ||
Thin layer with red particles | 2-3 | Hg, S | Cinnabar |