Table 1 Overall normalized compositions, expressed in wt%, of ashes prepared in the laboratory compared to the compositions of the ashes present in the ground layers of the three Baroque paintings examined in the present study

1.58 ± 0.22

1.34 ± 0.06

0.65 ± 0.20

0.63 ± 0.02

0.35 ± 0.05

5.80 ± 0.12

8.58 ± 0.05

1.31 ± 0.15

0.75 ± 0.02

0.71 ± 0.10

0.15 ± 0.03

0.39 ± 0.02

5.36 ± 1.18

1.09 ± 0.41

1.09 ± 0.30

0.65 ± 0.08

0.98 ± 0.19

11.27 ± 1.75

1.39 ± 0.78

2.30 ± 0.19

1.31 ± 0.08

2.25 ± 0.08

2.81 ± 1.04

2.16 ± 0.66

1.34 ± 0.20

2.37 ± 0.31

1.61 ± 0.08

3.14 ± 0.17

1.61 ± 0.42

0.96 ± 0.43

0.09 ± 0.06

0.03 ± 0.02

0.36 ± 0.05

0.89 ± 0.25

0.28 ± 0.05

19.27 ± 1.53

0.71 ± 0.06

4.69 ± 1.53

1.21 ± 0.13

0.55 ± 0.07

65.98 ± 0.55

80.72 ± 0.43

66.05 ± 3.95

87.08 ± 3.45

89.74 ± 1.00

0.10 ± 0.02

0.15 ± 0.08

0.48 ± 0.16

0.05 ± 0.08

0.12 ± 0.07

1.89 ± 0.34

2.49 ± 0.11

0.43 ± 0.22

0.99 ± 0.20

0.05 ± 0.03

0.35 ± 0.15

0.18 ± 0.07

2.58 ± 1.72

0.51 ± 0.26

2.17 ± 0.45

0.46 ± 0.04

0.57 ± 0.06

0.85 ± 0.55

1.63 ± 0.69

0.34 ± 0.09