Investigating the effect of artists’ paint formulation on degradation rates of TiO2-based oil paints

Heritage Science

Table 1 Pigments, extenders, and additives for paint preparation

Name	Description	Brand and product specification	Bulk density used to convert volume fraction to added weight^a
UA, TiO₂	Uncoated anatase	Hombitan LW, Sachtleben Chemie	4.0
CA(org), TiO₂	Organically coated anatase	A-HRF Huntsman	4.0
CA(inorg), TiO₂	Inorganically coated anatase	A-PP2 Huntsman	4.0
CR(org), TiO₂	Organically coated rutile	HCDC Huntsman	4.0
CR(inorg), TiO₂	Inorganically coated rutile	Tronox CR-826	4.0
AlSt	Aluminum stearate	Kremer 58960	1.07
BaSO₄	Barium sulfate	Kremer 58700	4.5
CaCO₃	Calcium carbonate	Kremer 58720	2.9
ZnO	Zinc oxide	Kremer 46300	5.6

Above the bold line: TiO₂ pigments. Below the bold line: non-TiO₂ pigments, extenders or additives
^aThe bulk density was used to convert volume fraction to the added weight of pigment. While this introduces unknown variations due to differences in particle shape, size, and packing, the pigment-volume-concentration is a commonly used descriptor for paint films and was thus chosen in this study