Combined photoluminescence and Raman microscopy for the identification of modern pigments: explanatory examples on cross-sections from Russian avant-garde paintings

Heritage Science

Table 1 Pigments identified on sample L5 on the basis of Raman spectroscopy

Mineral name	Formula	Pigment name	Raman modes
Lead chromate	PbCrO₄	Chrome yellow	354(s), 375(m), 397(w), 839(vs)
–	C₃₂H₁₆CuN₈	Phthalocyanine blue	256(m), 679(s), 746(s), 951(m) and in SM: 1143(m), 1337(s), 1448(m), 1523(vs)
Cinnabar	HgS	Vermillion	253(s), 280(sh-w), 343(w)
Lazurite	Na₆Al₆Si₆O₂₄S₂	Ultramarine blue	547(vs)