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Table 2 List of compounds detected on all the samples analysed with Raman micro-spectroscopy and their agent of accumulation

From: A Raman micro-spectroscopy study of 77,000 to 71,000 year old ochre processing tools from Sibudu, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Age (year old)

Sample

Amorphous carbon

Quartz

Anatase

Haematite

Goethite

Maghemite

MnOx

Bone

Feldspar

Calcium carbonate

71,000

Pebble

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

   

Triangular grindstone

x

x

x

x

 

x

x

   

Sb5186

x

x

x

x

x

 

x

   

Sb5167

x

 

x

 

x

     

72,500

Polished stone

x

 

x

  

x

x

   

SbS-LBG-C4b

x

x

 

x

  

x

 

x

 

SbS-LBG-C4a-H3(2)

x

x

x

x

  

x

   

77,000

Grindstone BS B4a

x

x

 

x

 

x

x

 

x

 

SbS-BS-H1-B4a

x

x

x

x

  

x

x

 

x

SbS-BS2-B4a

x

x

x

x

  

x

   

Grindstone BS B5c

x

 

x

x

x

 

x

   

Cortical flake

x

  

x

x

 

x

   

Sb5383

x

  

x

  

x

   

Sbs-BS7-B4c

x

      

x

  

Broken slab-like grindstone

x

x

x

x

x

x

 

x

  

Compound origin on the stone tool

Sed/RC/UR/MA

Sed/RC/UR

Sed/RC/UR

Sed/RC/UR

UR

SM/UR

Sed/RC/UR/MA/SM

Sed

Sed/RC

Sed

  1. MA micro-organism action, MC modern contamination, RC rock component, Sed sediments, SM secondary mineral, UR use residue