Table 1 Comparison of the analytical results of the four paintings

White

Zinc white^a, lead white^a,c, gypsum^c

Zinc white^a, lead white^a,c, gypsum^c

Zinc white^a, lead white^a, gypsum^c, barium sulfate^a,c

Zinc white^a, lead white^a, barium sulfate^a,b

Black

–^e

Carbon black^b

Carbon black^b, bone black^a

Carbon black?

Red

Cinnabar^a,b

–

PR83^c

Cinnabar^a,d, PR60^b

Orange

–

Cinnabar + cadmium yellow^a,d

–

–

Yellow

Chrome yellow^a,b, strontium yellow^a,b,c, Naples yellow^a,c

Strontium yellow + cadmium yellow^a,b,c,d, cadmium yellow^a,c

Strontium yellow^a,b,c,d, cadmium yellow^a,d, yellow SOP^c

Cadmium yellow^a,d, cadmium yellow + strontium yellow^a,c,d

Green

Viridian + strontium yellow^a,c, Prussian blue + chrome yellow^a.c, Prussian blue + strontium yellow^c, Prussian blue + Naples yellow^a,b,c

Prussian blue + strontium yellow + cadmium yellow^a,c

Viridian + strontium yellow^a,d, Prussian blue + strontium yellow + cadmium yellow^a,b,c, Prussian blue + yellow SOP^c, PB52 + yellow SOP^c

Viridian + strontium yellow^a,c,d, emerald green + strontium yellow^a,c, viridian + emerald green + strontium yellow^a,c

Blue

Prussian blue^a,b,c

Prussian blue^a,bc,d, ultramarine blue^a,b,c,d

Prussian blue^b,c, ultramarine blue^b,c,PB52^b,c

Prussian blue^a,b,c,d, ultramarine blue^a,b,d, cobalt blue^a

Violet

Prussian blue + cinnabar^a,b,c

Prussian blue + cinnabar^a,b,c, ultramarine blue + cinnabar^a,b,c

Ultramarine blue + PR83^a,c

Prussian blue + PR60^a,b,c, cobalt blue + PR60^a,b

Brown

Brown earths^a

–

Brown earths^a,c,d

–

Metal

–

–

Aluminium foil^a, tin foil^a

–

Binder

Drying oil^c

Drying oil^c, proteinaceous binder + lipids^c

Drying oil^c

Drying oil^c