Table 1 Characteristic compounds of the dye materials in the Saltzman Collection
Dye source | Marker | Formula | Molecular mass | [M−H]− | [MH]+ | [M+Na]+ | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Relbunium spp. | Purpurin | C14H8O5 | 256.037 | 255.029 | 257.045 | 279.027 | |
Xanthopurpurin | C14H8O4 | 240.042 | 239.034 | 241.050 | 263.032 | ||
Rubiadin/alizarin methyl ether | C15H10O4 | 254.058 | 253.050 | 255.066 | 277.048 | ||
Lucidin | C15H10O5 | 270.053 | 269.045 | 271.061 | 293.043 | ||
Munjistin | C15H8O6 | 284.032 | 283.024 | 285.040 | 307.022 | ||
Pseudopurpurin | C15H8O7 | 300.027 | 299.019 | 301.035 | 323.017 | ||
1-Methoxy-2-methylanthraquinone | C16H12O3 | 252.079 | 251.071 | 253.087 | 275.069 | ||
2-Methoxyanthraquinone or 1-hydroxy-2-methylanthraquinone | C15H10O3 | 238.063 | 237.055 | 239.071 | 261.053 | ||
Xanthopurpurin primeveroside | C25H26O13 | 534.137 | 533.129 | 535.145 | 557.127 | ||
Rubiadin primeveroside | C26H28O13 | 548.153 | 547.145 | 549.161 | 571.143 | ||
Lucidin primeveroside | C26H28O14 | 564.148 | 563.140 | 565.156 | 587.138 | ||
Galiosin (pseudopurpurin primeveroside) | C26H26O16 | 594.122 | 593.114 | 595.130 | 617.112 | ||
Dactylopius coccus | Carminic acid | C22H20O13 | 492.090 | 491.082 | 493.098 | 515.080 | Cardon [34]:624, Wouters and Rosario-Chirinos [7], Stathopoulou et al. [37], Wouters and Verhecken [44] |
Flavokermesic acid (laccaic acid D) | C16H10O7 | 314.043 | 313.035 | 315.051 | 337.033 | ||
Kermesic acid | C16H10O8 | 330.038 | 329.030 | 331.046 | 353.028 | ||
Flavokermesic acid glucopyranosides (dcII and dcofk) | C22H20O12 | 476.095 | 475.087 | 477.103 | 499.085 | ||
4-Aminocarminic acid (dcIII) | C22H21NO12 | 491.106 | 490.098 | 492.114 | 514.096 | ||
2-C-a/b-glucofuranoside of kermesic acid (dcIV and dcVII) | C22H20O13 | 492.090 | 491.082 | 493.098 | 515.080 | ||
Baccharis spp. | Apigenin | C15H10O5 | 270.053 | 269.045 | 271.061 | 293.043 | Cardon [34]:233, Wouters and Rosario-Chirinos [7]; Akaike et al. [45] |
Apigenin methyl ether | C16H12O5 | 284.068 | 283.060 | 285.076 | 307.058 | ||
Luteolin/kaempferol | C15H10O6 | 286.048 | 285.040 | 287.056 | 309.038 | ||
Luteolin methyl ether/trihydroxymethoxyflavone/(iso)kaempferide | C16H12O6 | 300.063 | 299.055 | 301.071 | 323.053 | ||
Kumatakenin/luteolin dimethyl ether | C17H14O6 | 314.079 | 313.071 | 315.087 | 337.069 | ||
Tetrahydroxymethoxyflavone/(iso)rhamnetin/3-methylquercetin | C16H12O7 | 316.058 | 315.050 | 317.066 | 339.048 | ||
Salvigenin | C18H16O6 | 328.095 | 327.087 | 329.103 | 351.085 | ||
Eupalitin/betuletol | C17H14O7 | 330.074 | 329.066 | 331.082 | 353.064 | ||
Eupatorin/cirsilineol | C18H16O7 | 344.090 | 343.082 | 345.098 | 367.080 | ||
Dimethylquercetagetin | C17H14O8 | 346.069 | 345.061 | 347.077 | 369.059 | ||
Sideritiflavone/jaceidin/centaureidin | C18H16O8 | 360.085 | 359.077 | 361.093 | 383.075 | ||
Quercetin-3-O-rutinoside (rutin) | C27H30O16 | 610.153 | 609.145 | 611.161 | 633.143 | ||
Di-O-caffeoylquinic acid | C25H24O12 | 516.127 | 515.119 | 517.135 | 539.117 | ||
| Â | O-caffeoyl-feruloylquinic acid | C26H26O12 | 530.142 | 529.135 | 531.150 | 553.132 | Â |
Hypericum spp. | Dihydroxyxanthone | C13H8O4 | 228.042 | 227.034 | 229.050 | 251.032 | Crockett et al. [39] |
Quercetin | C15H10O7 | 302.043 | 301.035 | 303.051 | 325.033 | ||
Quercetin glucuronide | C21H18O13 | 487.075 | 486.067 | 488.083 | 510.065 | ||
Methylquercetin glucuronide | C22H20O13 | 492.090 | 491.082 | 493.098 | 515.080 | ||
Kageneckia spp. | Gallic acid | C7H6O5 | 170.022 | 169.014 | 171.030 | 193.012 | No previous reports on K. lanceolata were found. K. oblongata is described by Cassels et al. [28] |
Ursolic acid | C30H48O3 | 456.360 | 455.352 | 457.368 | 479.350 |