Table 1 Overview of examination results of colourants and binders for objects PMO-U1 and PMO-U2
Object | Sequences | FTIR band assignments | SEM/EDS elements | XRF elements | Interpretation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PMO-U1 | 4th paint sequence White | L8:/ L 6&7: 2928, 2855, 1741, 1579, 141, 1415, 1165, 500 | L8: O, Al, Si, P, S, (Cl, K, Ca, Ti), Fe, Zn L 7: O, (Ca), Zn L 6: O, Mg, Al, Si, S, Ba, Ti, (Fe, Zn) | Specimen’s upper surface: Si, P, Ca, Ti, (Cr, Mn), Fe, Zn, Pb Specimen’s lower surface: (S, Ca, Mn), Fe | Blackish porous soiling layer on top 2 layers: zinc white and barite/titanium white Binder is linseed oil |
3rd paint sequence Black | L 5: 2928, 2855, 1738, 1581, 1087, 798, 782, 635, 610 | L 5: O (Al), Si, S (K), Ca, Ba (Fe, Zn) | Barite and carbon-based black Binder is linseed oil | ||
2nd paint sequence Yellow | L 4: 2962, 2933, 1721, 1654, 1600, 1580, 1380, 1280, 1073, 839, 747, 628, 598 | L 4: O, Pb,Cr L 3: O, (Al, Si, Ca, Ba), Cr, Fe, Zn, Pb | 2 layers: chromium yellow and ochre, kaolin, binder is probably blended of cellulose nitrate and alkyd | ||
1st paint sequence White | / | L 2: O, (Al, Si, S), Ca, (Ba, Fe), Zn | Zinc white, barite and chalk | ||
1st preparation Orange | / | L 1: O, (Si, S), Fe, Zn, (Pb) | Rests of minium | ||
Rests of corrosion | / | / | |||
PMO-U2 | 4th paint sequence White | / | L9: O, (Mg), Al, Si, (P, K, Ca, Ti, Mn), Fe, (Zn) L 8: O, (Mg, Al), Si, Ti, (Fe, Zn) L7: O, (Si), Zn L6: O, Mg, (Al), Si, S, Ca,, Ba, Ti, (Fe, Zn) | Specimen’s upper surface: Si, P, S, (Cl, K), Ca, Ti, (Cr, Mn), Fe, Zn Specimen’s lower surface: Si, P, (Cl, K), Ca, Ti,(Mn), Fe, Zn | Blackish porous soiling layer on top 3 layers: zinc white and titanium white |
3rd paint sequence Black | / | L 5: O, (Al), Si, S, Ca, Ba, (Fe, Zn) | Barite and carbon-based black Binder is linseed oil | ||
2nd paint sequence Yellow | L 4: 2927, 2856, 2515, 1796, 1731, 1666, 1418, 1294, 1271, 1177, 876, 803, 712 | L 4: O, Mg, (Al), Si, (S), Ca, (Ba, Fe, Zn) | 2 layers: chromium yellow and ochre, barite, chalk and Pigment Yellow 1 (PY1) Binder is linseed oil | ||
1st paint sequence White | L 3: 2927, 2856, 2512, 1796, 1740, 1450, 1189, 1128, 1085, 874, 712, 639, 612, 500 | L 3: O, (Si), S, Ca, Ba, (Fe), Zn | Mixture of zinc white, barite and chalk | ||
1st preparation Orange | / | L 2: O, Si, (S), Ca, Fe, (Zn) | Chalk and ochre | ||
Rests of corrosion | / | L 1: O, (Si, S, Ca), Fe, (Zn) | Contain partially sulphur |