Copper exposure in medieval and post-medieval Denmark and northern Germany: its relationship to residence location and social position

Rasmussen, Kaare Lund; Milner, George R.; Delbey, Thomas; Skytte, Lilian; Søvsø, Morten; Callesen, Frederik; Boldsen, Jesper Lier

doi:10.1186/s40494-020-00365-4

Heritage Science

Table 1 Spearman correlation coefficient matrix. The correlation coefficients for Al, Ca, Mn, Fe, Ba, and Sr are calculated on the entire population (553 samples)

From: Copper exposure in medieval and post-medieval Denmark and northern Germany: its relationship to residence location and social position

Cemeteries	Variables	Al	Ca	Mn	Fe	Sr	Ba	Cu	As	Pb
	Al	1
	Ca	− 0.547	1
	Mn	0.323	− 0.636	1
Rural Schleswig-St Clements	Fe	0.668	− 0.466	0.657	1
	Sr	− 0.135	0.188	0.195	0.329	1
	Ba	0.514	− 0.367	0.325	0.564	0.014	1
	Cu	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
	As	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
	Pb	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
	Al	1
	Ca	− 0.290	1
	Mn	0.689	− 0.092	1
Rural-Nybøl	Fe	0.727	− 0.225	0.613	1
	Sr	− 0.046	0.735	− 0.197	− 0.038	1
	Ba	− 0.085	− 0.011	− 0.119	− 0.048	0.084	1
	Cu	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
	As	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
	Pb	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
	Al	1
	Ca	− 0.361	1
	Mn	0.338	− 0.299	1
Rural-Tirup	Fe	0.857	− 0.331	0.311	1
	Sr	0.064	0.365	− 0.328	0.142	1
	Ba	0.461	0.088	− 0.047	0.496	0.582	1
	Cu	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
	As	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
	Pb	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
	Al	1
	Ca	− 0.242	1
	Mn	0.596	− 0.588	1
Urban Haderslev-Our Lady’s Church	Fe	0.677	− 0.163	0.402	1
	Sr	− 0.247	0.811	− 0.514	− 0.040	1
	Ba	− 0.388	0.061	− 0.470	− 0.004	0.398	1
	Cu	0.380	0.500	0.230	0.294	0.297	− 0.642	1
	As	− 0.081	0.125	− 0.076	0.194	0.449	0.564	− 0.245	1
	Pb	0.368	− 0.353	0.392	0.047	− 0.341	− 0.304	− 0.083	− 0.051	1
	Al	1
	Ca	− 0.334	1
	Mn	0.131	− 0.308	1
Urban Horsens-Ole Wormsgade	Fe	0.372	− 0.329	0.827	1
	Sr	− 0.197	0.287	0.200	0.138	1
	Ba	0.309	− 0.219	0.580	0.669	0.247	1
	Cu	0.238	0.032	− 0.040	− 0.067	0.130	0.120	1
	As	0.032	0.053	0.352	0.462	0.197	0.456	0.193	1
	Pb	− 0.054	− 0.089	0.022	− 0.056	− 0.160	− 0.033	0.211	− 0.160	1
	Al	1
	Ca	− 0.274	1
	Mn	0.567	− 0.367	1
Urban Schleswig-Dominican Friary	Fe	0.462	0.275	0.072	1
	Sr	0.140	0.640	0.016	0.437	1
	Ba	0.159	0.462	− 0.035	0.466	0.582	1
	Cu	0.481	0.028	0.312	0.311	0.303	0.204	1
	As	0.110	0.526	− 0.027	0.410	0.404	0.468	0.325	1
	Pb	0.296	0.052	0.150	0.311	0.123	− 0.034	− 0.030	0.095	1
	Al	1
	Ca	− 0.114	1
	Mn	0.481	0.104	1
Urban Schleswig-Johaniter Kloster	Fe	0.735	− 0.016	0.476	1
	Sr	0.083	0.356	0.106	− 0.159	1
	Ba	0.238	− 0.078	− 0.090	0.103	0.196	1
	Cu	− 0.119	0.595	0.357	0.000	0.476	− 0.381	1
	As	0.357	− 0.619	− 0.238	0.190	− 0.500	0.548	− 0.857	1
	Pb	0.357	− 0.167	− 0.357	0.119	− 0.190	0.333	− 0.167	0.500	1
	Al	1
	Ca	− 0.267	1
	Mn	0.699	− 0.252	1
Urban Schleswig-Rathaus Markt	Fe	0.610	− 0.353	0.703	1
	Sr	0.508	0.080	0.606	0.386	1
	Ba	0.303	0.019	0.569	0.394	0.275	1
	Cu	0.037	0.191	0.516	0.103	0.297	0.244	1
	As	0.442	− 0.024	0.160	0.415	0.270	0.244	− 0.130	1
	Pb	− 0.037	0.508	− 0.125	− 0.209	− 0.024	0.182	− 0.130	− 0.442	1
	Al	1
	Ca	− 0.052	1
	Mn	0.356	− 0.171	1
Urban-Ribe	Fe	0.679	− 0.141	0.771	1
	Sr	0.303	0.201	0.293	0.373	1
	Ba	0.601	− 0.126	0.671	0.853	0.365	1
	Cu	0.219	0.096	0.131	0.152	0.192	0.264	1
	As	0.518	− 0.118	0.648	0.830	0.356	0.757	0.157	1
	Pb	0.275	− 0.148	0.032	0.113	− 0.116	0.126	0.159	0.010	1

For Cu, As, and Pb the coefficients are calculated on the samples, excluding those less than LOQ (351 samples)
Italic = significative value with p value < 0.05
NA Not applicable because of small sample size

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