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Table 1 Summary of the analysis (see “Instrumentation”) of samples from Addendum (Tate T02394) derived from analytical campaigns carried out in 2013, and 2016–2018

From: Facilitating the conservation treatment of Eva Hesse’s Addendum through practice-based research, including a comparative evaluation of novel cleaning systems

Section

Sample

Cross section

SEM/EDXa

FTIR (transmission)

PyGCMS (Polymeric components)

Inferred composition

Binding media

Pigment

Otherb

Wooden box

Transparent layer at the intersection between boards

PVAcc

Wooden boards are joined together with neat polyvinyl acetate adhesive

Wooden box

Unpainted pulp forming the papier mâché

Cellulose (from wood)

PVAcc

Gypsum (CaSO4)

Unpigmented pulp, mixed with polyvinyl acetate adhesive and gypsum

Painted/coated papier mâché

Grey paint with transparent coating

One thick layer of dark grey paint, with a highly thinned lighter grey layer on top. An unpigmented, non-fluorescent coating is also present

Ti, Zn, Si, Al, Ca, Fe

p(EA-MMA)d

PVAcc

Titanium dioxide (TiO2)

Possible carbon black

Calcium sulphate tetrahydrate (CaSO4.4H2O)

Acetic acid

Benzene

EAe

MMAf

DEPg

EA/MMA dominated pyrogram.

p(EA-MMA)c acrylic dispersion with titanium white (PW6), some zinc oxide and Mars black pigments (PBk11), gypsum.

Unpigmented polyvinyl acetate coating

Painted/coated ropes

Grey paint with transparent coating and glossy, sticky patch

One thick layer of light grey paint. On top, there are two additional layers: an unpigmented and non-fluorescent coating, and an unpigmented, fluorescent layer

Ti, Zn, Si, Al, Ca, Fe

p(EA-MMA)d

PVAcc

p(nBA-MMA)h

Titanium dioxide (TiO2)

Calcium sulphate tetrahydrate

(CaSO4.4H2O)

Acetic acid

Benzene

EAe

MMAf

BAi

DEPg

nBA/MMA dominated pyrogram.

p(EA-MMA)c acrylic dispersion with titanium white (PW6), some zinc oxide and Mars black pigments (PBk11), gypsum.

Unpigmented polyvinyl acetate, and unpigmented p(nBA-MMA) coatings

  1. aElemental composition [major element(s)] only; badditives, extenders; cpolyvinyl acetate; dpoly(ethyl acrylate-methyl methacrylate); eethyl acrylate; fmethyl methacrylate; gdiethyl phthalate; hpoly(butyl acrylate-methyl methacrylate); ibutyl acrylate