A transparent dialogue between iconography and chemical characterisation: a set of foreign stained glasses in Portugal

Rodrigues, Alexandra; Coutinho, Mathilda; Machado, Andreia; Martinho, Bruno A.; Cerqueira Alves, Luís; Macedo, Maria Filomena; Vilarigues, Márcia

doi:10.1186/s40494-021-00480-w

Heritage Science

Table 1 Average chemical compositions, and corresponding standard deviations of the glass of fragments of the three panels ‘Saint Ambrose’, ‘Saint Gregory’ and ‘Virgin of the Apocalypse’ obtained by \(\mu\)-EDXRF (minimal data points = 3), expressed wt% of the corresponding most common oxides present in glass

From: A transparent dialogue between iconography and chemical characterisation: a set of foreign stained glasses in Portugal

Oxides:	SiO\(_2\)	Al\(_2\)O\(_3\)	P\(_2\)O\(_5\)	CaO	K\(_2\)O	MnO	Fe\(_2\)O\(_3\)	CoO	CuO	Cl
Panel of Saint Ambrose
Colourless	57.2 ± 0.8	2.8 ± 0.2	1.6 ± 0.1	23.0 ± 1.7	4.7 ± 0.5	1.29 ± 0.09	0.49 ± 0.03	n.d.	0.01 ± 0.00	0.26 ± 0.08
Red	58.0 ± 1.7	3.3 ± 0.6	2.00 ± 0.00	23.0 ± 0.0	5.3 ± 0.2	0.98 ± 0.04	0.57 ± 0.02	n.d.	0.4 ± 0.1	0.37 ±0.04
*Brown T1*	58.0 ± 1.1	2.5 ± 0.2	1.1 ± 0.1	18.2 ± 0.9	10.1 ± 0.2	0.52 ± 0.02	0.64 ± 0.03	n.d.	0.02 ±0 .00	0.11 ± 0.03
*Brown T2*	60.0 ± 0.5	2.4 ± 0.3	1.1 ± 0.1	13.8 ± 0.7	11.9 ± 0.8	1.05 ± 0.04	0.26 ± 0.01	n.d.	0.04 ± 0.03	0.2 ± 0.1
*light Purple*	59.2 ± 0.5	2.8 ± 0.3	1.03 ± 0.05	17.3 ± 0.1	12.8 ± 0.4	1.25 ± 0.01	0.28 ± 0.00	n.d.	0.02 ± 0.01	0.11 ± 0.02
Blue	58.3 ± 1.7	2.9 ± 0.1	1.4 ± 0.1	20.5 ± 1.5	5.8 ± 0.8	0.99 ± 0.05	0.8 ± 0.2	0.24 ± 0.07	0.05 ± 0.01	0.24 ± 0.04
Panel of Saint Gregory
Colourless	55.7 ± 0.6	2.7 ± 0.3	2.60 ± 0.04	21.6 ± 0.1	4.73 ± 0.03	1.25 ± 0.01	0.49 ± 0.01	n.d.	0.02 ± 0.00	0.29 ± 0.02
Red	57.0 ± 0.4	1.8 ± 0.4	3.1 ± 0.6	22.2 ± 0.1	6.13 ± 0.06	0.91 ± 0.01	0.51 ± 0.01	0.01 ± 0.00	0.17 ± 0.01	0.20 ± 0.02
Blue	60.1 ± 0.4	1.6 ± 0.3	2.9 ± 0.3	19.7 ± 0.2	5.20 ± 0.00	1.01 ± 0.01	1.07 ± 0.01	0.32 ± 0.01	0.07 ± 0.00	0.18 ± 0.01
*Bordeaux*	52.0 ± 1.0	1.7 ± 0.5	3.7 ± 0.6	19.4 ± 0.4	13.1 ± 0.1	1.84 ± 0.03	0.19 ± 0.01	0.01 ± 0.01	0.03 ± 0.01	0.05 ± 0.02
Panel of the Virgin of the Apocalypse
Colourless	56.5 ± 0.7	2.13 ± 0.07	0.27 ± 0.06	22.7 ± 0.6	4.8 ± 0.1	1.30 ± 0.00	0.51 ± 0.02	n.d.	0.01 ± 0.00	0.25 ± 0.01
*Yellow*	57.2 ± 1.2	1.4 ± 0.4	1.1 ± 0.3	15.9 ± 0.5	12.8 ± 0.4	0.40 ± 0.02	0.36 ± 0.01	n.d.	0.01 ± 0.00	0.08 ± 0.02
*Brown T1*	56.2 ± 2.7	1.4 ± 0.2	0.27 ± 0.06	16.7 ± 0.6	13.2 ± 0.4	0.42 ± 0.02	0.37 ± 0.02	n.d.	0.01 ± 0.00	0.08 ± 0.01

Oxides:	BaO	PbO	SnO\(_2\)	SrO	TiO\(_2\)	ZnO	NiO	Rb\(_2\)O	Na\(_2\)O +MgO
Panel of Saint Ambrose
Colourless	0.72 ± 0.07	0.04 ± 0.02	0.11 ± 0.01	0.09 ± 0.01	0.10 ± 0.01	0.04 ± 0.01	Trace	Trace	7.6 ± 1.6
Red	0.51 ± 0.03	0.03 ± 0.00	0.13 ± 0.02	0.09 ± 0.00	0.12 ± 0.00	0.03 ± 0.00	n.d.	Trace	7.1 ± 0.4
*Brown T1*	0.64 ± 0.03	0.07 ± 0.01	0.09 ± 0.02	0.16 ± 0.01	0.15 ± 0.01	0.03 ± 0.00	Trace	0.01 ± 0.00	7.7 ± 0.2
*Brown T2*	0.50 ± 0.04	0.13 ± 0.13	0.05 ± 0.01	0.06 ± 0.00	0.07 ± 0.01	0.03 ± 0.00	Trace	0.02 ± 0.00	8.6 ± 0.8
*Light Purple*	0.68 ± 0.03	0.05 ± 0.03	0.10 ± 0.01	0.10 ± 0.00	0.11 ± 0.01	0.03 ± 0.00	Trace	0.02 ± 0.00	7.24 ± 0.08
Blue	0.63 ± 0.03	0.04 ± 0.01	0.09 ± 0.01	0.09 ± 0.02	0.09 ± 0.02	0.03 ± 0.01	0.05 ± 0.01	Trace	7.7 ± 0.7
Panel of Saint Gregory
Colourless	0.67 ± 0.06	0.06 ± 0.02	0.14 ± 0.02	0.10 ± 0.01	0.11 ± 0.01	0.04 ± 0.00	n.d.	0.01 ± 0.00	9.5 ± 0.8
Red	0.47 ± 0.03	0.04 ± 0.00	0.14 ± 0.01	0.10 ± 0.00	0.13 ± 0.01	0.02 ± 0.00	0.01 ± 0.00	Trace	6.6 ± 0.7
Blue	0.50 ± 0.00	0.06 ± 0.02	0.12 ± 0.00	0.08 ± 0.00	0.14 ± 0.01	0.02 ± 0.00	0.07 ± 0.00	Trace	6.6 ± 0.1
*Bordeaux*	0.83 ± 0.06	0.07 ± 0.01	0.12 ± 0.01	0.10 ± 0.00	0.05 ± 0.01	0.03 ± 0.00	n.d.	0.02 ± 0.00	7.3 ± 0.8
Panel of the Virgin of the Apocalypse
Colourless	0.53 ± 0.06	0.06 ± 0.03	0.16 ± 0.04	0.10 ± 0.00	0.13 ± 0.01	0.04 ± 0.00	n.d.	Trace	8.6 ± 1.9
*Yellow*	0.51 ± 0.03	0.09 ± 0.08	0.16 ± 0.05	0.20 ± 0.01	0.13 ± 0.00	0.03 ± 0.00	0.01 ± 0.00	0.03 ± 0.00	9.8 ± 1.6
*Brown T1*	0.57 ± 0.06	0.02 ± 0.00	0.18 ± 0.02	0.21 ± 0.01	0.13 ± 0.00	0.03 ± 0.00	0.01 ± 0.00	0.04 ± 0.02	6.7 ± 2.6

Glass classified as HLLA is highlighted in italic, whilst glass classified as K–Ca glass is shown in bolditalic. ‘n.d.’—not determined; trace—wt% \(<0.01\)

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