Table 1 Key references on the major elemental composition of ancient Chinse bronze mirrors
From: Close up to the surface: reflections on a preliminary forensic study of four Chinese bronze mirrors
Dated period | Cu/Sn/Pb (%) | Analytical equipment | Reference | Year | No. mirror and Site location |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
The Warring States | Ave. 68.05/21.70/3.53 | Not provided | [7, Table 9] | 1961 | 3 mirrors Unknown location |
71.74/19.62/2.69 66.33/21.99/3.63 | Not provided | [9, p. 55] | 1984 | 2 mirrors-Hu nan | |
70/25/4 | Not provided | [6] | 1991 | In general | |
.151/.726/.114 .200/.705/.085 | SEM | [27] | 1995 | 2 mirrors Unknown location | |
77.28-78.94/18.64-21.34/1.26-2.69 | Not provided | [10, p. 117] | 2000 | 5 mirrors-Unknown locations | |
The Late Warring States | Ave. 67.17/25.10/7.8 | EDS | [13] | 2015 | 23 mirrors-Lintong, Shaanxi |
Han Dynasty | Early Han ave. 67.14/24.14/5.43 Han ave. 67.07/25.42/4.47 Late Han ave. 69.03/24.62/4.68 | [7, Table 9] | 1961 | Early Han-5 mirrors Han-35 mirrors Late Han-3 mirrors All unknown location | |
67-69/23-24/4-6 | Not provided | [9. P.114] | 1984 | 14 mirrors-unprovenanced; all analysed by a Dr. Giichi Tanabe | |
Cu: 55.66-69.11 Sn: 21.17-37.28 Pb: 4.62-9.10 Cu: 6.2 Sn:73.3 Pb: 7.6 | Wet chemistry Scanning electron probe on surface | [28] | 1988 | 13 mirrors for wet chemistry Unknow locations Unknown number and locations | |
Western Han 67.13-74.60/20.23-26.74/1.23-6.00 Middle Han 68.23-68.87/23.34-23.75/4.62-5.07 Eastern Han 65.10-68.87/23.01-25.07/4.64-9.12 | Not provided | [10, p. 117] | 2000 | Mirrors from Ezhou City Museum-Hubei province | |
69.73/25.23/5.04 | EDS | [11, p. 745] | 2011 | Not provided | |
70.88/22.27/5.59 70.47/22.77/6.44 | EDS | [12] | 2012 | 2 mirrors-Beijing | |
XRF: 58.40/37.2/4.2 EDS: 50.70/38.45/9.35 | XRF&EDS | [14] | 2016 | 1 mirror-Hubei province | |
Ave. 75.93/21.02/2.89 | EDS | [15] | 1994 | 14 mirrors-Linxi, Shandong | |
.200/.624/.270 .157/.679/.146 .203/.615/.059 | EDS | [27] | 1995 | 3 mirrors Unknown locations | |
Eastern Han Reflective side: 73.54/19.64/6.82 Reverse side: 79.63/13.51/6.88 | EDAX | [17] | 2009 | 1 mirror-Guizhou province | |
Song Dynasty | Song-Jin 67.88/13/7.63 67.10/8.18/23.76 | Not provided | [7,Table 9] | 1961 | 2 mirrors Unknown locations |
Early Song 67.88/13/7.63 Late Song 67.10/8.18/23.76 | Not provided | [9. P.114] | 1984 | 2 mirrors-1 from Zhejiang province, 2 is unprovenanced; both analysed by a Japanese scholar | |
An hui: 74.59-86.51/6.41-9.99/3.50-18.90 E cheng: 64.15-74.66/6.06-12.66/11.83-29.18 | SEM | [29] | 1987 | 4 mirrors-An huin province 11 mirrors-E cheng Hubei province | |
77.41/6.76/13.26 | EDS | [15] | 1994 | 1 mirror-Linxi, Shandong province | |
Song/Jin 40.80-84.50/4.50-22.2/6.1-41 | pXRF | [16] | 2012 | 10 mirrors-Shanxi province |