Table 2 Results of SEM–EDS and μ-RS analyses
Samples No | Layers No | Al (Cr) | Si | K (Na) | Ca (Mg) | Fe (Ti) | Pb (Au) | As (Ag) | S (Cl) | Hg (Cu) | μ-RS results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
D1-1 | L1 Reddish- brown | 3.6 | 12.1 | 1.5 | 4.6 (0.9) | 17.5 | 59.8 | – | – | – | Hematite, red lead |
L2 Priming layer | 23.6 | 37.3 | 3.7 | 8.7 | 4.4 | 20.0 | 2.3 | – | – | – | |
L3 Red | 0.7 | 0.9 | – | – | – | – | – | 14.9 | 83.5 | Cinnabar | |
L4 Priming layer | 18.8 | 35.5 | 3.9 | 17.6 | 7.0 | 17.2 | – | – | – | – | |
L5 Orange | 3.8 | 2.6 | – | 2.5 | – | 81.6 | 9.5 | – | – | Red lead | |
L6 Priming layer | 33.0 | 42.6 | 3.3 | – | 3.1 | 14.2 | 3.7 | – | – | – | |
L7 Yellow | 4.1 | 5.0 | – | – | – | 22.8 | 44.6 | 23.4 | – | Orpiment | |
L8 Priming layer | 29.8 | 35.2 | – | 6.8 | 3.8 | 16.1 | 8.3 | – | – | – | |
L9 Orange | 3.6 | 3.8 | – | 2.4 | – | 90.3 | – | – | – | Red lead | |
L10 Priming layer | 18.5 | 32.6 | 3.3 | 18.3 | 5.8 | 21.3 | – | – | – | – | |
L11 Red | – | – | – | – | – | 15.4 | – | 11.5 | 73.1 | Cinnabar | |
L12 Priming layer | 24.2 | 49.5 | 4.0 | 1.8 | 2.5 | 17.9 | – | – | – | – | |
L13 White | – | 3.7 | – | 12.9 (3.5) | – | 79.9 | – | – | – | Lead white, chalk | |
D1–2 | L1 Reddish– brown | – | 8.4 | – | 1.6 | 26.4 | 63.6 | – | – | – | Hematite, red lead |
L2 Priming layer | 39.1 | 49.5 | 1.8 | 2.9 | 6.7 | – | – | – | – | – | |
D1-3 | L1 Pink | 25.3 | 45.1 | 4.3 | 8.1 (2.4) | 13.5 (1.3) | – | – | – | – | Hematite, Anatase titanium white |
D1–4 | L1 Orange | 2.9 | 3.2 | 1.0 | 1.2 | – | 91.7 | – | – | – | Red lead |
L2 Priming layer | 22.9 | 25.2 | 2.2 | 2.8 | – | 46.9 | – | – | – | Lead white, | |
L3 White | 1.4 | 1.8 | – | 11.9 | – | 84.9 | – | – | – | Lead white, chalk | |
L4 Priming layer | 1.5 | 3.3 | – | 56.5 | – | 38.7 | – | – | – | Chalk, lead white, | |
D1–5 | L1 Blue | 13.8 | 23.6 | (1.5) | 43.8 | 4.0 | 10.5 | (2.7) | Azurite, chalk | ||
L2 Priming layer | 37.3 | 52.5 | 5.4 | – | 4.8 | – | – | – | – | – | |
L3 White | 0.6 | 0.7 | – | – | – | 98.7 | – | – | – | Lead white | |
L4 Priming layer | 27.1 | 53.3 | 7.4 | 3.0 | 2.7 | 6.5 | – | – | – | – | |
L5 Red | 6.5 | 6.8 | 3.5 | 9.8 (3.9) | – | 33.8 | – | 9.1 | 26.7 | Cinnabar, red lead | |
L6 Priming layer | 31.1 | 51.6 | 8.6 | 4.5 | 4.2 | – | – | – | – | ||
L7 Green | 4.1 | 22.4 | – | 29.1 (12.1) | – | – | – | – | (32.4) | ||
L8 Priming layer | 18.5 | 23.6 | 2.8 | 52.0 | 3.1 | – | – | – | |||
D1-6 | L1 Red | - | - | – | 1.7 | – | – | – | 21.3 | 77.0 | Cinnabar |
L2 Priming layer | 30.7 | 50.3 | 8.4 | 10.6 | – | – | – | – | – | ||
L3 White | – | 4.6 | – | 29.2 (13.6) | – | 52.6 | – | – | – | Chalk, magnesite, lead white | |
L4 Priming layer | 38.0 | 51.9 | 6.6 | 3.6 | – | – | – | – | – | ||
L5 White | 0.8 | – | – | 1.3 | - | 97.9 | - | – | – | Lead white | |
L6 Priming layer | 27.7 | 59.2 | 8.3 | 1.8 | 3.0 | - | - | – | – | ||
L7 White | 1.4 | 0.9 | – | 1.0 | - | 96.7 | - | – | – | Lead white | |
L8 Priming layer | 37.9 | 50.5 | 5.9 | – | 5.7 | - | - | – | – | ||
D1-7 | L1 Gold | – | – | – | – | – | (89.1) | (10.9) | – | ||
L3 Golden yellow | 23.6 | 43.1 | 5.7 | 4.0 | 23.6 | – | – | – | – | Pyrophyllite | |
L4 Gold | – | – | – | – | – | (93.1) | (6.9) | – | |||
L6 Golden yellow | 27.1 | 37.1 | 5.5 | 3.2 | 25.3 | (1.8) | |||||
L7 Silver | – | – | – | – | – | – | (78.6) | (21.4) | |||
L9 Silver | – | – | – | – | – | – | (73.6) | (23.0) | (3.4) | ||
L11 Gold | – | – | – | – | – | (89.1) | (7.3) | (3.6) | |||
D1-8 | L1 Pink | 8.5 | 24.0 | – | 37.1 (8.4) | 19.0 | - | - | 3.0 | – | Hematite, chalk |
L2 Priming layer | 12.8 | 42.0 | 5.5 | 26.7 | 13.0 | - | - | - | – | ||
L3 Priming layer | 16.5 | 49.1 | 7.9 | 10.3 | 16.2 | - | - | - | – | ||
D1-9 | L1 Gold | – | – | – | – | – | (97.4) | (2.6) | – | ||
L3 Golden yellow | 18.9 | 45.6 | 4.2 | 3.6 | 19.5 | (8.2) | – | – | |||
L4 Gold | – | – | – | – | – | (96.7) | (3.3) | – | |||
L6 Golden yellow | 28.8 | 38.2 | 5.8 | 5.2 | 22.0 | – | – | – | – | ||
L7 Gold | – | – | – | – | – | (96.6) | 5.4 | – | |||
L13 Gold | – | – | – | – | – | (90.2) | 9.8 | – | |||
D1–10 | L1 Blue | 19.9 | 34.1 | 2.8 (19.4) | 1.1 | – | – | – | 21.1 (1.6) | – | Ultramarine |
D1–11 | L1 Black | Lamp black | |||||||||
L2 Priming layer | 27.7 | 32.8 | – | 9.2 | (0.5) | 29.8 | – | – | – | ||
L3 Orange | 1.9 | 1.5 | – | 1.4 | – | 88.4 | – | (6.8) | – | Red lead | |
L4 Priming layer | 3.3 | 3.6 | – | – | – | 83.4 | – | (9.7) | – | Lead white | |
L5 Priming layer | 28.1 | 48.3 | 3.9 | – | (0.7) | 19.1 | – | – | – | ||
D1–12 | L1 Reddish– brown | 0.5 | – | – | 0.4 | – | 95.4 | – | (3.7) | – | Red lead |
L2 Black | Lamp black | ||||||||||
L3 Priming layer | 10.9 | 23.0 | – | 16.2 (8.5) | – | 41.4 | – | – | – | ||
D1–13 | L1 Red | 1.8 | 2.9 | – | 9.6 | – | – | – | 19.8 | 65.9 | Cinnabar |
L2 Orange | 0.7 | 0.8 | – | – | – | 98.5 | – | Red lead | |||
L3 Red | 2.9 | 4.0 | – | 3.6 | – | – | – | 8.2 | 81.3 | Cinnabar | |
L4 White | 25.6 | 33.7 | 3.2 | 3.0 | – | 34.5 | – | – | – | Lead white | |
L5 Priming layer | 18.1 | 35.4 | 5.0 | (2.1) | 5.8 | 33.6 | – | – | – | ||
L6 Priming layer | 18.9 | 28.0 | 3.0 | 8.9 | – | 39.2 | – | – | – | ||
D1–14 | L1 Yellow | (0.5) | 1.4 | – | 30.3 | – | 60.4 | 7.4 | – | – | Chrome yellow, chalk |
L2 Green | 1.6 | 5.3 | – | 3.9 | – | 48.3 | 26.0 | (3.0) | (11.9) | Emerald green | |
L3 Orange | 0.7 | 0.9 | – | – | – | 98.4 | – | – | – | Red lead | |
L4 Green | 2.2 | 2.3 | 2.6 | 74.8 | 9.9 | (2.1) | (6.1) | Emerald green | |||
D1–15 | L1 Green | – | 6.1 | – | 4.2 | – | – | 58.9 | – | (30.8) | Emerald green |
L2 Black | Lamp black | ||||||||||
L3 Red | – | 5.0 | – | 4.2 | – | – | 4.2 | 36.2 | 50.4 | Cinnabar | |
L4 Priming layer | 10.7 | 21.2 | – | – | – | 59.7 | 8.4 | – | – | ||
L5 Red | 1.0 | 1.4 | – | 3.1 | – | 48.9 | 7.1 | 12.7 | 25.8 | Cinnabar | |
D1–16 | L1 Rose red | Rhodamine B | |||||||||
L2 White | 2.3 | 4.7 | – | 20.6 | (54.6) | – | – | 17.8 | – | Anatase titanium white | |
L4 Orange | 6.1 | 12.6 | – | 11.9 (6.9) | 59.7 | – | – | 2.8 | – | Hematite | |
D1–17 | L1 White | 8.0 | 16.4 | 1.9 | 70.8 (2.9) | – | – | – | – | – | Chalk |
D1–18 | L1 Blue–green | (3.6) | 4.8 | 53.3 | (0.4) | (37.9) | Lavendulan | ||||
L2 Black | Lamp black | ||||||||||
D1–19 | L1 Black | Lamp black |