Fig. 8

a Spectrogram of the small Witlockx bell sound measured on the laboratory. Impact location \(h_{c}\) = 0.03 m. b Spectrogram of the bell acceleration computed for the small Witlockx bell. m_c = 0.3 kg, r_c = 0.015 m, v₀ = 0.1 m/s and h_c = 0.03 m. The acceleration was normalized with respect to its energy content. c Computed bell/clapper interaction force for an impact velocity v₀ = 0.1 m/s at height h_c = 0.03 m, and corresponding time-histories responses of the bell and clapper. m_c = 0.3 kg, r_c = 0.015 m. d Computed power spectrum of the small Witlockx bell at the contact point as a function of impact velocity.