Identification of pigments used in a Qajar manuscript from Iran by using atomic and molecular spectroscopy and technical photography methods

Heritage Science

Table 3 Results of technical photography along with identified index elements based on atomic spectroscopy methods

Color	Main elements	Technical photography observations						Result
Color	Main elements	VIS	UVR	IR	UVL	UVFC	IRFC	Result
Black ink	C	Black	Dark	Dark	None	Black	Black	Carbon black
Orange	Pb	Orange	Dark	Bright	None	Dark red	Yellow	Red lead
Orange/red	Pb + Hg	Orange /red	Dark	Bright	None	Red-brown	Yellow-orange	Red lead + Vermilion
Red	P	Red	Dark	Bright	Dark red	Green–Blue	Orange	Cochinal dye
Blue	Pb	Blue	Dark	Bright	None	Blue	Red	Indigo + lead white and calcite
Golden I	Au	Golden	Dark	Bright	Gray	Purple	Brown	Gold
Golden II	Cu, Zn	Golden	Darker	Dark	Black	Brown	Brown	Brass/copper carboxylate