A multi-analytical study of the palette of impressionist and post-impressionist Puerto Rican artists

Vermeulen, Marc; Miranda, Annette S. Ortiz; Tamburini, Diego; Delgado, Sol E. Rivera; Walton, Marc

doi:10.1186/s40494-022-00683-9

Heritage Science

Table 3 Overview of the materials identified through minimally invasive analyses of the six investigated paintings

From: A multi-analytical study of the palette of impressionist and post-impressionist Puerto Rican artists

Painting	Sample	Analytical technique and associated element (SEM-EDX) and Raman shifts (cm⁻¹)		Figure	Identified materials in ground and colored layers
Trapiche	CS1	SEM-EDX	Co, Al, Zn, Pb	Figure 5	Ground: N/A Colored layer: cobalt blue, cobalt green and lead white
		Raman	328, 434, 545, 567, 1050, 1090–1142	Figure 6a
		Raman	202, 513	Figure 6b
CAM-1329	SCR1	SEM-EDX	Pb, Ba	N/A	Ground: N/A Colored layer: lead white, vermilion, and Ba-containing yellow, likely organic, identified as PY1 (Hansa Yellow G—C.I. 11680)
		Raman	1050	Additional file 1: Fig. S14j
		Raman	250, 281, 340	Additional file 1: Fig. S14k
	SCR2	HPLC-DAD-MS/MS		Figure 8
CAM-1328	CS2	SEM-EDX	Pb, Cr, Cu, As, Ca, Al, Mg	Figure 7	Ground: lead white Colored layer: ultramarine blue, viridian, Emerald green, and vermilion
		Raman	1050	Figure 6c
			260, 345, 432, 487, 541, 583, 837	Figure 6d
			106, 153, 175, 217, 242, 292, 325, 371, 429, 541	Figure 6e
			256, 546, 581, 804, 1092	Figure 6f
			252, 284, 342	Figure 6g
	SCR3	HPLC-DAD-MS/MS		Figure 9	PY3 (Hansa Yellow 10G—C.I. 11710)
2004–005	CS3	SEM-EDX	Ba, Ca, Pb, Fe	Additional file 1: Fig. S11	Ground: likely lead white, likely calcium carbonate, and barium sulfate Pigmented layer 1 (top): ba-rich light yellow Pigmented layer 1 (bottom): mars red
		Raman	224, 290, 410, 496, 610	Additional file 1: Fig. S14a
		Raman	453, 461, 986	Additional file 1: Fig. S14b
2004–007	CS4	SEM-EDX,	Ground: Zn, Ba, S, Ca, Pb, Si Colored layer: Pb, Hg, S	Additional file 1: Fig. S12	Ground: lead white, calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, quartz, and lithopone Colored layer: lead white, Prussian blue, and vermilion
		Raman	453, 986	Additional file 1: Fig. S14c
			250, 281, 340	Additional file 1: Fig. S14d
			154, 281, 1085	Additional file 1: Fig. S14e
			127, 202, 463	Additional file 1: Fig. S14f
			1006	Additional file 1: Fig. S14g
2003–05–02	CS5	SEM-EDX	Pb, Zn, Fe, Al	Additional file 1: Fig. S13	Ground: lead white and zinc white, with inclusion of yellow ochre/goethite Colored layer: N/A
		Raman	1050	Additional file 1: Fig. S14h
		Raman	250, 300, 387	Additional file 1: Fig. S14i

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