From concept to validation of a wireless environmental sensor for the integral application of preventive conservation methodologies in low-budget museums

Heritage Science

Table 2 Key properties of consumer-grade and selected primary cell batteries

Battery technology	Nominal voltage (per cell)	Energy density (Wh/L)	Self-discharge	Operating temperature	Safety
Zinc-carbon	1.5	0.33	< 3.8% per year	−7 to + 50 ºC	− −
Alkaline	1.5	1.5	< 2.4% per year	−10 to + 45 ºC	−
Li-FeS₂	1.5	475	< 1% per year	−40 to + 60 ºC	+ + +
Li-SO₂	2.8	330	< 3% per year	−40 to + 70 ºC	+ +
Li-SOCl₂	3.6	1,120	< 1% per year	−60 to + 150 ºC	+ +
Li-MnO₂	3.0	725	< 1% per year	−40 to + 85 ºC	+ +