Table 1 The composition of the most recent paint layers of the Bodhidharma statue based on cross-section and multi-analytical investigations

D1-2

Reddish-brown skin areas

Hematite + red lead (1:1.2)

110

8

D1-4

Collar, checks on the cassock, and orange-red pedestal areas

Red lead

45

20

D1-6

Collar red area

Cinnabar

30

7

D1-7

Collar embossed painting and gilding area

Gold foil

2

-

D1-8

The pink areas in the clothes inside

Red ochre + chalk (1:4.5)

40

7

D1-9

The embossed painting and gilding areas of the cuff, the edge of the garment, and the checks on the cassock

Gold foil

2

-

D1-10

Blue patterns on the chest and blue flowers on the surface of the cassock

Artificial ultramarine blue

-

5

D1-11

Pedestal edge black area

Lamp black

35

 < 1

D1-12

Pedestal reddish-brown area

Red lead

120

13

D1-13

The red areas on the right sleeve and the checks on the cassock

Cinnabar

30

8

D1-14

Cuff yellow area and clothes surface yellow flowers

Chalk + Chrome yellow (1:1.2)

70

17

D1-15

The green areas of sleeves outside and checks on the cassock

Emerald green

570

25

D1-16

The bottom step area of the pedestal

Rhodamine B ( Original is ochre)

50

8

D1-17

The white pattern area on the chest

Chalk

290

16

D1-18

Cassock surface blue-green flowers

Lavendula (Degradation product of emerald green)

75

20

D1-19

Black cassock

Lamp black

50

 < 1