Fig. 6
From: Mapping of stones and their deterioration forms: the Clock Tower, Venice (Italy)
Features induced by material loss: a, b differential erosion on Ammonitico Rosso from Verona slabs (eastern façade), c microkarst on Istrian Stone small columns (western façade). Discoloration and deposit: d black crusts on Istrian-stone Corinthian capitals (southern façade); e soiling on Scaglia Rossa slabs (western façade); f efflorescence on Istrian Stone small columns (western façade); g greenish staining on Istrian Stone (western façade); h yellowish patinas (southern façade)