Thermoluminescence and radiocarbon dating of pre-colonial ceramics and organic midden material from the US Virgin Islands: outline for a revised chronology

Torres, Joshua; Toftgaard, Casper Jacobsen; Delbey, Thomas; Brewer, David; Farchette, John; de La Fuente, Guillermo; Rasmussen, Kaare Lund

doi:10.1186/s40494-023-00936-1

Heritage Science

Table 6 The results of the stylistic observations and chemical analyses of the samples and the calculated TL-dates. Lab No.; Name of Site; Abr: Abbreviation of site name used in the figures; Style; Pr: problematic samples, i.e., those difficult to classify; Period; Hatt Collection context designations unit/square/layer where applicable; U and Th are given in µg g⁻¹ and K in wt%. The relative standard deviation of the U, Th, and K concentrations are estimated to be ca. 5 %, mainly arising from sample inhomogeneity the analytical uncertainty is less; TL-date before current era; one standard deviation of the date estimation

From: Thermoluminescence and radiocarbon dating of pre-colonial ceramics and organic midden material from the US Virgin Islands: outline for a revised chronology

Lab-no	Site	Abr	Style	Pr	Period	Context	U	Th	K	TL Date	STD
KLR-11973	Magens Bay O1	MB	Santa Elena		O	1/XXI/3	2.200	3.750	1.920	1000	92
KLR-11974	Magens Bay O1	MB	Hacienda Grande	*	LS	1/XXI/4	0.095	0.248	0.282	1315	43
KLR-11975	Magens Bay O1	MB	Monseratte		EO	1/LVI/2	0.549	0.914	0.733	1244	39
KLR-11976	Magens Bay O1	MB	Monseratte		EO	1/XXXI/1	0.497	0.783	0.315	1202	40
KLR-11977	Magens Bay O1	MB	Ostiones		O	1/VI/3	0.721	1.405	0.670	1204	43
KLR-11978	Magens Bay O1	MB	Monseratte		EO	1/VI/4	0.715	1.270	1.029	860	60
KLR-11978b	Magens Bay O1	MB	Monseratte		EO	1/VI/4	0.548	0.902	0.786	1068	46
KLR-11979	Magens Bay O1	MB	Monseratte		LS/EO	1/VII/4	0.056	2.272	0.780	967	48
KLR-11980	Magens Bay O1	MB	Esperanza	*	LO	1/VIII/4	0.724	1.255	1.498	952	57
KLR-11981	Magens Bay O1	MB	Esperanza	*	LO	1/XII/1	0.121	0.678	0.884	1308	31
KLR-11982	Magens Bay O1	MB	Santa Elena	*	LO	1/XII/2	1.163	1.691	1.508	915	69
KLR-11983	Magens Bay O1	MB	Monseratte		LS/EO	1/XII/3	1.414	1.758	1.346	1194	55
KLR-11984	Magens Bay O1	MB	Ostiones		O	1/XII/4	0.127	6.550	0.824	1113	39
KLR-11985	Magens Bay O1	MB	Santa Elena	*	LO	1/XVI/3	0.423	0.733	0.800	1179	38
KLR-11986	Magens Bay O1	MB	Monseratte		LS/EO	1/XXIII/2	1.341	1.752	1.174	1110	59
KLR-11987	Magens Bay O1	MB	Monseratte		LS/EO	1/LI/1	0.334	0.644	0.427	1135	40
KLR-11988	Magens Bay O1	MB	Monseratte	*	O	1/LIV/3	0.590	1.049	0.943	1013	49
KLR-11989	Magens Bay O1	MB	Monseratte		LS/EO	1/LX/1	0.474	0.909	0.836	1078	44
KLR-11990	Magens Bay O1	MB	Santa Elena		LO	1/LX/2	0.398	0.839	0.634	1355	30
KLR-11991a	Magens Bay O1	MB	Monseratte		LS/EO	1/LX/3	0.720	0.980	0.940	1111	46
KLR-11991b	Magens Bay O1	MB	Monseratte		LS/EO	1/LX/3	0.697	1.068	1.290	1067	49
KLR-11992	Magens Bay O1	MB	Monseratte		LS/EO	1/VIII/4	0.603	0.780	0.236	1441	29
KLR-11993	Krum Bay O2	KB	Cuevas		EO	B/I/1	0.211	0.339	0.652	497	92
KLR-11995	Krum Bay O2	KB	Cuevas		LS	B/IV/1	0.240	0.610	0.707	337	106
KLR-11996	Krum Bay O2	KB	Cuevas	*	LS/EO	B/V/1	0.173	0.410	0.739	433	96
KLR-11997	Krum Bay O2	KB	Cuevas	*	LS/EO	B/VII/1	0.270	0.620	0.720	-1233	208
KLR-11998	Coral Bay O5	CB	Cuevas		LS/EO	A/III/1	0.389	6.153	0.523	1146	55
KLR-11999	Coral Bay O5	CB	Cuevas		LS/EO	A/IV/1	0.763	2.310	1.284	490	77
KLR-12000	Coral Bay O5	CB	Monseratte		LS	A/IV/2	0.607	0.458	1.076	822	52
KLR-12001	Coral Bay O5	CB	Monseratte	*	O	A/V/1	0.321	0.809	1.100	886	44
KLR-12002	Coral Bay O5	CB	Monseratte		LS/EO	A/IV/2	1.062	2.168	0.852	734	71
KLR-12003a	Coral Bay O5	CB	Monseratte		EO	A/VII/2	0.558	1.016	1.120	840	52
KLR-12003b	Coral Bay O5	CB	Cuevas		LS	A/VII/2	0.256	0.545	0.672	1100	38
KLR-12003c	Coral Bay O5	CB	Cuevas		S	A/VII/2	0.488	1.532	0.539	1177	39
KLR-12004a	Coral Bay O5	CB	Esperanza		LO	A/IIc	0.276	0.701	0.581	1306	30
KLR-12004b	Coral Bay O5	CB	Monseratte		LS	A/IIc	0.406	0.859	1.381	787	52
KLR-12005	Coral Bay O5	CB	Monseratte		O	A/IId/1	0.188	0.435	0.549	1098	39
KLR-12006	Coral Bay O5	CB	Cuevas		LS	A/IX/1	0.489	0.850	0.422	855	89
KLR-12007	Coral Bay O5	CB	Cuevas		LS/EO	A/IX/1	0.617	1.110	0.416	856	55
KLR-12008	Coral Bay O5	CB	Hacienda Grande		ES	A/IIc	0.492	1.190	0.953	982	46
KLR-12009	Coral Bay O5	CB	Ostiones		EO	A/IId	0.389	1.091	0.801	830	52
KLR-12010a	Lt Cruz Bay O8	LtCB	Hacienda Grande		S	A/III/2	1.800	3.960	1.570	288	124
KLR-12010b	Lt Cruz Bay O8	LtCB	Esperanza		LO	A/III/2	0.275	0.537	0.954	946	45
KLR-12012	Lt Cruz Bay O8	LtCB	Monseratte		EO	A/I/2	0.496	1.137	1.010	1039	44
KLR-12014	Lt Cruz Bay O8	LtCB	Ostiones		O	A/IV/2	0.677	1.170	1.177	1030	45
KLR-12015a	Lt Cruz Bay O8	LtCB	Santa Elena		O	A/IV/2	1.050	2.650	1.441	713	76
KLR-12015b	Lt Cruz Bay O8	LtCB	Cuevas		S	A/IV/2	0.565	1.562	1.352	816	55
KLR-12016	Lt Cruz Bay O8	LtCB	Ostiones		EO	A/VI	2.868	2.511	0.553	1048	77
KLR-12018a	Lt Cruz Bay O8	LtCB	Hacienda Grande		ES	A/XII	0.717	1.480	1.174	373	78
KLR-12018b	Lt Cruz Bay O8	LtCB	Esperanza		LO	A/XII	0.340	0.589	0.811	1003	46
KLR-12018c	Lt Cruz Bay O8	LtCB	Ostiones	*	O	A/XII	1.010	3.560	1.341	703	76
KLR-12018d	Lt Cruz Bay O8	LtCB	Hacienda Grande	*	ES	A/XII	2.131	5.740	1.612	196	148
KLR-12019a	Lt Cruz Bay O8	LtCB	Ostiones		O	A/XII	0.384	0.484	1.344	767	53
KLR-12019b	Lt Cruz Bay O8	LtCB	UID	*	S	A/XII	0.081	0.212	1.152	920	46
KLR-12020	Lt Cruz Bay O8	LtCB	Hacienda Grande		ES	A/V/2	2.389	1.685	0.908	171	129
KLR-12021a	Lt Cruz Bay O8	LtCB	Cuevas	*	LS	A/VII	0.348	1.150	0.707	1227	50
KLR-12021b	Lt Cruz Bay O8	LtCB	Cuevas		LS	A/VII	0.253	0.526	0.926	875	51
KLR-12021c	Lt Cruz Bay O8	LtCB	Santa Elena		O	A/VII	0.359	0.812	1.153	811	52
KLR-12021d	Lt Cruz Bay O8	LtCB	Monseratte	*	S	A/VII	0.647	1.450	1.341	767	59
KLR-12022a	Lt Cruz Bay O8	LtCB	Cuevas	*	O	A/VIII	1.740	3.720	1.530	437	109
KLR-12022b	Lt Cruz Bay O8	LtCB	Santa Elena	*	LS	A/VIII	1.171	2.420	1.565	877	66
KLR-12024a	Spratt Hall O18	SH18	Cuevas		LS	A/II/2	0.660	0.996	0.892	994	46
KLR-12024b	Spratt Hall O18	SH18	Cuevas		LS	A/II/2	0.828	1.160	0.956	1007	46
KLR-12025a	Spratt Hall O18	SH18	Cuevas		LS	A/II/3	0.579	0.923	1.030	940	45
KLR-12025b	Spratt Hall O18	SH18	Cuevas		LS	A/II/3	0.179	0.518	0.649	721	105
KLR-12025c	Spratt Hall O18	SH18	Ostiones		EO	A/II/3	0.193	0.919	0.708	902	48
KLR-12026	Spratt Hall O18	SH18	Cuevas		LS	A/III/1	0.395	0.877	1.056	1234	34
KLR-12027a	Spratt Hall O18	SH18	Ostiones		EO	A/III/2	0.361	1.950	1.355	925	48
KLR-12027b	Spratt Hall O18	SH18	Cuevas		LS	A/III/2	0.582	1.220	0.865	1240	34
KLR-12028	Spratt Hall O18	SH18	Monseratte		EO	A/III/3	0.299	1.090	0.527	756	55
KLR-12029a	Spratt Hall O18	SH18	Cuevas		EO	A/IV/2	0.145	0.287	0.926	521	68
KLR-12029b	Spratt Hall O18	SH18	Cuevas		S/LS	A/IV/2	0.457	0.757	0.526	960	51
KLR-12029c	Spratt Hall O18	SH18	Cuevas	*	LS	A/IV/2	0.560	0.920	1.040	1071	45
KLR-12029d	Spratt Hall O18	SH18	Cuevas		LS	A/IV/2	2.395	7.404	1.796	689	107
KLR-12030a	Spratt Hall O18	SH18	Santa Elena		O	A/IV/3	0.604	1.220	1.435	709	56
KLR-12030b	Spratt Hall O18	SH18	Cuevas		LS	A/IV/3	0.469	0.983	1.100	918	46
KLR-12031a	Spratt Hall O18	SH18	Monseratte		LS	A/V/2	0.224	0.845	1.027	919	46
KLR-12031b	Spratt Hall O18	SH18	Cuevas		LS	A/V/2	0.248	0.787	1.112	719	55
KLR-12031c	Spratt Hall O18	SH18	Cuevas		LS	A/V/2	2.230	1.340	0.540	757	77
KLR-12031d	Spratt Hall O18	SH18	Cuevas		??	A/V/2	0.701	1.035	0.964	1001	45
KLR-12032a	Spratt Hall O18	SH18	Cuevas		LS	A/V/3	0.555	0.881	1.040	985	44
KLR-12032b	Spratt Hall O18	SH18	Cuevas		LS	A/V/3	1.280	1.980	1.944	557	76
KLR-12032c	Spratt Hall O18	SH18	Cuevas		LS	A/V/3	0.826	1.737	0.463	898	54
KLR-12032d	Spratt Hall O18	SH18	Cuevas		LS	A/V/3	0.310	0.488	1.092	934	46
KLR-12032e	Spratt Hall O18	SH18	Monseratte		LS/EO	A/V/3	0.501	0.813	0.320	1074	43
KLR-12033	Prosperity O20	PRO	Ostiones		O	–/–/–	0.230	0.428	0.708	743	54
KLR-12034	Prosperity O20	PRO	Capa		LO	–/–/–	0.357	0.737	0.331	1674	15
KLR-12035	Prosperity O20	PRO	Monseratte		LS	–/–/–	0.420	0.770	1.360	779	51
KLR-12037	Spratt Hall O30	SH30	Monseratte		LS/EO	–/–/–	0.657	1.014	0.907	1013	44
KLR-12038	Spratt Hall O30	SH30	Monseratte		EO	–/–/–	0.388	0.941	1.221	1007	42
KLR-12039	Spratt Hall O30	SH30	Monseratte		LS	–/–/–	0.572	2.059	2.167	840	53
KLR-12040	Spratt Hall O30	SH30	Ostiones	*	O	–/–/–	1.088	2.990	0.994	681	71
KLR-12041	Spratt Hall O30	SH30	La Hueca		S	–/–/–	0.356	1.051	0.512	668	57
KLR-12042	Spratt Hall O30	SH30	Esperanza		LO	–/–/–	0.129	0.540	0.951	1410	26
KLR-12043	Spratt Hall O30	SH30	Esperanza	*	O	–/–/–	0.245	0.670	0.130	1495	26
KLR-12044	Spratt Hall O30	SH30	Cuevas		LS/EO	–/–/–	0.501	0.868	0.993	1048	41
KLR-12045	Spratt Hall O30	SH30	Ostiones	*	O	–/–/–	0.202	0.318	0.638	785	56
KLR-12046	Spratt Hall O30	SH30	Monseratte		O	–/–/–	0.146	1.066	1.260	1405	25
KLR-12047	Sprat Hall O30	SH30	Esperanza		LO	–/–/–	0.156	0.643	0.647	1603	17
KLR-12048	Spart Hall O30	SH30	Monseratte		O	–/–/–	0.145	1.001	2.121	1244	29
KLR-12049	Spratt Hall O30	SH30	Santa Elena		LO	–/–/–	0.371	1.028	1.229	1534	19
KLR-12051	Spratt Hall O30	SH30	Santa Elena		EO	–/–/–	0.342	0.890	1.274	1085	39
KLR-12054	Spratt Hall O30	SH30	Monseratte		O	–/–/–	0.606	1.060	0.675	1111	39
KLR-12056	Sprat Hall O30	SH30	Ostiones		O	–/–/–	0.222	0.853	1.225	1532	19
KLR-12058	Spratt Hall O30	SH30	Ostiones		O	–/–/–	0.268	1.127	1.740	911	46
KLR-12059	Spratt Hall O30	SH30	UID		?	–/–/–	0.291	1.210	1.623	853	46
KLR-12060	Spratt Hall O30	SH30	La Hueca		S	–/–/–	0.665	1.278	1.135	701	56
KLR-12061	Spratt Hall O30	SH30	Ostiones		O	–/–/–	0.207	1.660	1.886	1208	34
KLR-12062	Richmond 033	RIC	Hacienda Grande		S	–/–/–	0.200	0.419	0.570	262	97
KLR-12063	Richmond 033	RIC	Boca Chica		LO	–/–/–	0.403	0.696	0.705	1506	23
KLR-12064	Richmond 033	RIC	Santa Elena		LO	–/–/–	0.219	1.120	2.009	1335	28
KLR-12065	Richmond 033	RIC	La Hueca	*	ES	–/–/–	0.688	1.550	1.358	− 234	107
KLR-12066	Richmond 033	RIC	Monseratte		EO	–/–/–	0.369	0.714	1.013	632	38
KLR-12067	Richmond 033	RIC	UID		EO	–/–/–	0.522	1.490	1.045	838	53
KLR-12068	Richmond 033	RIC	Monseratte		EO	–/–/–	0.512	1.450	0.698	605	65
KLR-12069	Richmond 033	RIC	Monseratte		O	–/–/–	0.298	0.862	1.290	1087	39
KLR-12070	Richmond 033	RIC	Ostiones		O	–/–/–	0.497	0.685	2.097	1014	43
KLR-12071	Richmond 033	RIC	Santa Elena		O	–/–/–	0.202	0.400	1.410	1036	39
KLR-12072	Richmond 033	RIC	Ostiones		O	–/–/–	0.271	0.504	0.806	1307	30
KLR-12073	Richmond 033	RIC	Hacienda Grande		ES	–/–/–	3.010	6.470	2.966	436	158
KLR-12075	Richmond 033	RIC	Ostiones		O	–/–/–	0.632	1.525	1.504	853	54
KLR-12076	Richmond 033	RIC	La Hueca		ES	–/–/–	0.323	0.622	0.864	398	70
KLR-12077	Richmond 033	RIC	Cuevas		LS/EO	–/–/–	0.567	2.160	1.576	903	53
KLR-12078	Richmond 033	RIC	Cuevas		S	–/–/–	0.980	1.730	1.050	522	84
KLR-12079	Richmond 033	RIC	Cuevas		ES	–/–/–	0.618	0.988	1.034	660	61
KLR-12080	Richmond 033	RIC	Cuevas	*	LS	–/–/–	0.194	0.270	0.452	770	58
KLR-12081	Richmond 033	RIC	Cuevas		S	–/–/–	0.176	0.408	0.440	990	47
KLR-12082	Richmond 033	RIC	Hacienda Grande		S	–/–/–	0.173	0.389	0.423	931	62

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