The atypical hues of the Santa Cruz blue-and-white cargo: non-invasive analysis of glaze defects and color variations in mid-Ming porcelain

Hsieh, Ellen; Fischer, Christian; C. Orillaneda, Bobby

doi:10.1186/s40494-023-00953-0

Heritage Science

Table 2 Elemental composition and absorptions in the visible spectral range of the selected blue-and-white porcelain dishes

From: The atypical hues of the Santa Cruz blue-and-white cargo: non-invasive analysis of glaze defects and color variations in mid-Ming porcelain

Accession N°	Spot	Selected elements from pXRF analysis^a												FORS analysis
		Major (% oxides)		Minor and trace (ppm)										Spectral absorptions (nm)^b
		CaO	K₂O	Fe	Ti	Mn	Rb	Sr	Zr	Co	Cu	Th	Ni	Co (II)			H₂O
SC-256	Blue			2546	–	7265	408	87	46	1276	47	11	341	519 w	583 s	678 s
	White	4.4	5.2	2104	116	340	412	95	45	–	28	8	–
	Bottom	3.9	5.1	3833	84	495	403	71	58	–	28	17	71
SC-789	Blue			4019	128	3035	385	99	44	279	37	10	244	517 m	582 s	673 m
	White	6.1	4.0	3585	125	348	411	97	50	–	27	10	–
	Bottom	5.5	4.0	3778	139	391	406	101	48	–	19	9	–
SC-1269	Blue			2996	103	3038	385	82	57	442	54	11	206	521 vw	584 m	679 s	+++
	White	4.5	5.0	2553	251	326	392	87	53	–	33	11	83
	Bottom	3.4	5.0	2351	187	254	395	62	63	–	28	12	57
SC-2797	Blue			3375	115	1796	448	109	45	275	51	9	115	520 m	585 s	676 s
	White	6.9	4.2	2697	116	295	408	136	40	–	32	–	67
	Bottom	5.8	4.3	5350	228	371	475	122	56	–	37	15	77
SC-2963	Blue			4678	–	3840	307	100	45	611	45	9	415	517 m	583 s	677 m
	White	6.6	3.9	4591	–	440	318	95	53	–	37	10	107
	Bottom	5.7	4.0	5640	95	464	326	72	59	–	26	14	83
SC-3245	Blue			3484	–	2150	322	111	48	343	58	9	281	521 m	581 s	665 br	++
	White	5.4	4.2	2997	156	262	335	97	54	–	33	12	–
	Bottom	5.5	4.3	2361	133	233	334	73	63	–	29	14	54
SC-3851	Blue			3408	–	8910	333	94	50	1047	112	12	237	520 m	583 s	677 s
	White	8.1	4.1	3194	148	602	331	112	49	–	52	12	87
	Bottom	6.6	4.1	4437	229	439	361	78	62	–	32	16	82
SC-5135	Blue			3376	285	2011	417	106	49	186	113	9	164	522 m	585 s	675 s	++
	White	5.6	4.2	3131	81	229	457	84	53	–	47	10	–
	Bottom	5.0	4.7	3037	151	327	492	71	58	–	37	10	86
SC-7026	Blue			2925	105	1305	573	88	39	133	48	8	218	519 m	583 s	670 s	++
	White	5.9	4.2	2835	202	240	601	92	48	–	24	–	–
	Bottom	4.1	3.5	4373	266	310	669	42	57	–	19	18	–
SC-13671	Blue			3884	133	3543	392	92	50	355	56	12	465	520 m	581 s	672 m
	White	5.9	4.8	3061	191	428	394	91	52	–	49	10	111
	Bottom	4.4	4.6	3794	117	398	414	66	55	–	29	13	64
SC-14679	Blue			3416	103	2516	400	54	52	356	34	10	351	518 m	584 s	671 m	+
	White	5.9	4.3	2561	214	438	391	71	50	–	35	8	88
	Bottom	4.9	4.5	3964	172	528	415	49	61	–	27	14	–
SC-14878	Blue			4335	129	3169	539	84	45	166	71	21	701	522 m	586 s	655 br
	White	5.9	4.6	3752	142	347	567	85	54	–	66	10	93
	Bottom	4.9	4.1	5624	255	607	655	57	66	–	43	13	56

^aFor major elements, values for Si and Al are considered qualitative and not reported
^bAbsorptions: vw: very weak, w: weak, m: medium, s: strong, br: broad

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