Table 3 Semiquantitative elemental composition data for in situ XRF analysis summarized for several measuring points (MPs)

Cathedral drum

Plaster

4

Al, Si, P, S, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Pb

Calcite/gypsum

Clay/quartz

Main colors

Yellow

9

Al, Si, P, S, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Pb

Goethite

Red

3

Al, Si, P, S, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe

Hematite

Lead white or massicot

Clay/quartz

Clay/quartz

Calcite/gypsum

Calcite/gypsum

Blue

5

Al, Si, P, S, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Zn, Pb

Lazurite

Green

Samples 15, 16

9

Al, Si, P, S, K, Ca, Fe, Ti, Cr, Mn, (Cu), Zn, Pb

Glauconite/celadonite

Clay/quartz

Clay/quartz

Calcite/gypsum

Calcite/gypsum

White

3

Al, Si, P, S, K, Ca, Ti, Fe

Calcite/gypsum

Black

3

Al, Si, P, S, K, Ca, Ti, Fe

Calcite/gypsum

Clay/quartz

Clay/quartz

Light hue paints

Light-blue

3

Al, Si, P, S, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Zn, Pb

Calcite/gypsum

Light-yellow

6

Al, Si, P, S, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Zn, Pb

Goethite

Clay/quartz

Calcite/gypsum

Pink

6

Al, Si, P, S, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Zn, Pb

Hematite

Pile orange

3

Al, Si, P, S, K, Ca, Ti, Fe, Zn, Pb

Red lead

Clay/quartz

Clay/quartz

Calcite/gypsum

Calcite/gypsum

Composite paints

Deep red (stripes)

8

Al, Si, S, P, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Zn, Pb

Hematite

Purple red (violet)

Sample 17

6

Al, Si, P, S, K, Ca, Mn, Ti, Fe, Zn, Pb

Hematite

Clay/quartz

Clay/quartz

Calcite/gypsum

Calcite/gypsum

Light-green

Sample 18

9

Al, Si, P, S, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Zn, Pb

Glauconite/celadonite

Clay/quartz

Calcite/gypsum

Entrance to the choir balcony

Plaster

2

Al, Si, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Zn

Calcite/gypsum

Clay/quartz

Yellow

4

Al, Si, P, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Pb

Goethite

Green

9

Al, Si, P, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Pb

Glauconite/celadonite

Clay/quartz

Clay/quartz

Calcite/gypsum

Calcite

Red

4

Al, Si, P, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Pb

Hematite

Blue

6

Al, Si, P, S, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Zn, Pb

Clay/quartz

Clay/quartz

Calcite/gypsum

Calcite/gypsum

Deep red

4

Al, Si, P, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Pb

Hematite

Clay/quartz

Calcite/gypsum

Lower row

Pigments

Plaster

4

Al, Si, S, K, Ca, Ti, Fe

Calcite/gypsum

Clay/quartz

Blue with salt efflorescence

3

Al, Si, S, P, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Pb

Lead white

Blue

3

Al, Si, S, P, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Pb

Lead white

Calcite/gypsum

Calcite/gypsum

Clay/quartz

Clay/quartz

Grey-blue

3

Al, Si, S, P, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Pb

Lead white

Red

3

Al, Si, S, P, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Pb

Hematite

Calcite/gypsum

Lead white

Clay/quartz

Clay/quartz

Calcite/gypsum

Green

2

Al, Si, S, P, K, Ca, Ti, Fe, Pb

Glauconite/celadonite

Green

2

Al, Si, S, P, K, Ca, Ba, Cr, Mn, Fe, Pb

Chrome green

Lead white

Lead white/barium white

Calcite/gypsum

Calcite/gypsum

Clay/quartz

Clay/quartz

Yellow

3

Al, Si, S, P, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Pb

Goethite

Lead white

Clay/quartz

Calcite/gypsum

Consequences of thermal exposure

Yellow to red

9

Mg, Al, Si, S, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Pb

Goethite or hematite

Clay/quartz

Calcite/gypsum

Samples found during archaeological excavations

Twelfth century

 Plaster

4

Al, Si, S, (P), K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe

Calcite/gypsum

Clay/quartz

 Yellow

 Sample 3

9

Al, Si, S, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe

Goethite

Red

3

Al, Si, P, K, Ca, Mn, Ti, Fe, Hg

Cinnabar

Clay/quartz

Hematite

Calcite/gypsum

Clay/quartz

Calcite/gypsum

 Blue

 Sample 2

5

Al, Si, S, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Zn

Clay/quartz

Green

Sample 1

9

Al, Si, P, S, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn

Glauconite/celadonite

Calcite/gypsum

Clay/quartz

Calcite/gypsum

Late centuries

 Plaster

4

Al, Si, S, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe

Calcite/gypsum

Clay/quartz

 Yellow

9

Al, Si, S, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Pb

Goethite

Red

3

Al, Si, S, K, Ca, Fe, Pb, Ba

Hematite

Lead white or massicot

Clay/quartz

Clay/quartz

Calcite/gypsum

Calcite/gypsum

 Blue

5

Si, K, Ca, Fe, Ba, Pb

Clay/quartz

Calcite/gypsum