Systematic study of wall painting of the twelfth century from the Christ’s Transfiguration Cathedral of the Mirozhsky Monastery in Pskov (Russia) by complementary physico-chemical methods

Philippova, O. S.; Grebenshchikova, A. B.; Dmitriev, A. Yu.; Lennik, S. G.

doi:10.1186/s40494-023-00955-y

Heritage Science

Table 4 Pigments detected in samples by optical and polarized microscopy and micro-Raman spectroscopy

From: Systematic study of wall painting of the twelfth century from the Christ’s Transfiguration Cathedral of the Mirozhsky Monastery in Pskov (Russia) by complementary physico-chemical methods

Sample	Polarized microscopy	Optical microscopy of cross-sections		Micro-Raman spectroscopy
Sample	Polarized microscopy	No and	color of layers	Pigments identified	Bands used for identification (cm^–1)
1	Celadonite	3	Plaster	Calcite	153, 278, 711, 1085
	Glauconite		Black	Amorphous carbon	1315br (broad), 1591br
	Calcite			Calcite	151, 278, 722, 1086
	Quartz		Green	Celadonite/glauconite	168sh (shoulder), 198, 281, 345sh, 379, 393, 433, 537, 683
2	Lazurite	3	Plaster	Calcite	152, 279, 711, 1085
	Calcite		Black	Amorphous carbon	1313br, 1585br
	Quartz			Calcite	155, 279, 1087
			Blue	Lazurite	261, 283sh, 546, 598, 816, 1094, 1359, 1640, 1901, 2186
3	Yellow ochre	–		–
	Calcite
5	Yellow ochre	2	Plaster	Calcite	154, 279, 711, 1085
	Calcite		Yellow	Yellow ochre (goethite)	211, 301, 391, 475sh, 543
	Quartz			Massicot	143
				Calcite	280, 1085
6	Yellow ochre	4	Plaster	Calcite	151, 275, 710, 1084
	Red ochre			Gypsum	415, 492, 618, 669, 1006, 1132
	Glauconite		Green	Celadonite/glauconite	198, 278, 377, 541, 681
	Calcite		Yellow	Yellow ochre (goethite)	291, 405
				Calcite	277, 1084
				Gypsum	428, 607, 1006
				Titanium white (rutile)	445, 607
			Red	Red ochre (hematite)	224, 290, 408
				Amorphous carbon	1324br, 1597br
				Calcite	275sh, 1084
				Gypsum	408, 496, 616, 665, 1006
8	Red ochre	–		–
	Calcite
	Quartz
9	Calcite	–		–
	Coal
10	Red ochre	2	Plaster	Calcite	152, 278, 711, 1084
	Calcite			Gypsum	413, 1006
	Quartz		Orange (red)	Red ochre (hematite)	221sh, 281, 412
				Calcite	154, 281, 711, 1084
				Gypsum	412, 492, 616, 1006, 1133
11	Red ochre	–		–
	Calcite
12	Yellow ochre	2	Plaster	Calcite	152, 710, 1084
	Calcite		Orange	Yellow ochre (goethite)	217, 281, 409, 608
	Quartz			Calcite	154, 281, 711, 1084
13	Calcite	3	Plaster	Calcite	152, 277, 710, 1084
	Quartz		Grey	Amorphous carbon	1317br, 1593br
				Calcite	153, 278, 710, 1084
				Gypsum	412, 492, 617, 668, 1006, 1133
			White	Calcite	277, 711, 1085
				Gypsum	202, 484, 629, 673, 1008, 1019
				Amorphous carbon	1317br, 1591br
				Titanium white (rutile)	441, 608
14	Lazurite	3	Plaster	Calcite	152, 278, 710, 1085
	Red ochre		Blue	Lazurite	263, 541, 579sh, 815, 1092
	Calcite		Grey	Amorphous carbon	1354br, 1594br
	Quartz			Calcite	144, 274, 1084
				Titanium white (rutile)	144, 247, 435, 609
				Celadonite/glauconite	432, 540
				Massicot	140, 293
				Gypsum	417, 488, 620, 667, 1005, 1111
15	Celadonite	2	Plaster	Calcite	152, 277, 711, 1084
	Glauconite		Light-green	Celadonite/glauconite	199, 275, 387, 531, 1052
	Yellow ochre			Yellow ochre (goethite)	381br, 484, 551sh, 1204br, 1271br
	Red ochre			Lazurite	263, 285sh, 544, 582sh, 824br, 1093, 1358br, 1641, 2186br
	Coal			Calcite	279, 1085
	Calcite			Prussian blue	275, 534, 2153
	Quartz			Chrome yellow	338, 401, 834
				Barium white	457, 615, 643, 985, 1086, 1138
				Titanium white (rutile)	142, 252, 609br, 834
				Lead white	1047
16	Celadonite	2	Plaster	Calcite	152, 277, 710, 1084
	Glauconite		Light-green	Celadonite/glauconite	386, 537
	Yellow ochre			Yellow ochre (goethite)	389
	Red ochre			Calcite	149, 277, 1085
	Calcite			Gypsum	1006
17	Red ochre	3	Plaster	Calcite	152, 278, 711, 1083
	Lazurite		Grey-blue	Amorphous carbon	1315br, 1595br
	Calcite			Calcite	148, 277, 1086
			Red	Red ochre (hematite)	221, 288, 401, 494, 607, 650, 1308br
18	Yellow ochre	2	Plaster	Calcite	154, 279, 710, 1084
	Calcite		Yellow	Yellow ochre (goethite)	395
	Quartz			Massicot	141, 279
				Calcite	152, 279, 710, 1085

Back to article page