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Table 4 The dyestuffs and other compounds detected as a result of HPLC analysis

From: Characterization of materials in the late 15th-century animal encyclopedia at an Ottoman Library and detection of deterioration products by HPLC–DAD

Sample code

*Detected dyestuffs

Biological dye sources

AE-01

VA

AE-02

VA, EA

Tannin-containing plant

AE-03

VA

AE-04

AE-05

VA, VAd

AE-06

GAd, EA

Tannin-containing plant

AE-07

CA, CAd (× 3)

AE-08

AE-09

EA, EAd (× 3), CA

Tannin-containing plant

AE-10

EA, EAd (× 2)

Tannin-containing plant

AE-11

GA, GAd, EA, EAd (× 4), IRH, RH, EM

Tannin-containing plant + buckthorn (Rhamnus sp.)

AE-12

GA, GAd (× 5), EA, EAd (× 7), NTC, NTCd, CA

Tannin-containing plant + redwood (Caesalpina sp.)

AE-13

EA, CA

Tannin-containing plant

AE-14

GAd (× 2), EA, EAd (× 4), CA, CAd (× 3)

Tannin-containing plant

AE-15

GAd, EA, EAd (× 6), CA

Tannin-containing plant

AE-16

GA, GAd, EA, EAd (× 3), CA

Tannin-containing plant

AE-17

GA, GAd, EA, EAd, EM, CA

Tannin-containing plant + rhubarb (Rheum sp.) or dock (Rumex sp.)

AE-18

EA, EAd (× 2)

Tannin-containing plant

AE-19

EA, EAd (× 4), CA

Tannin-containing plant

AE-20

GA, GAd, EA, EAd (× 3), CA

Tannin-containing plant

AE-21

GA, GAd, EA, EAd (× 3), CA

Tannin-containing plant

AE-22

GA, EA, CA

Tannin-containing plant

AE-23

GA, EA, EAd (× 3), CA

Tannin-containing plant

AE-24

EA, EAd (× 3), CA

Tannin-containing plant

AE-25

GA, EA, EAd (× 3), CA

Tannin-containing plant

AE-26

EA, EAd (× 3), FL, CA

Tannin-containing plant

AE-27

EA, EAd (× 2), CA

Tannin-containing plant

AE-28

GA, GAd, EA, EAd, NTC, AL, PU, CA

Tannin-containing plant + redwood (Caesalpina sp.) + madder (Rubia tinctorum L.)

AE-29

GA, EA, EAd (× 3), IRH, EM, CA

Tannin-containing plant + buckthorn (Rhamnus sp.)

AE-30

GA, GAd, EA, EAd (× 2), NTC, CA

Tannin-containing plant + redwood (Caesalpina sp.)

AE-31

GA, EA, EAd (× 3), NTC, CA

Tannin-containing plant + redwood (Caesalpina sp.)

AE-32

GA, GAd, EA, EAd (× 3), CA

Tannin-containing plant

AE-33

GA, EA, EAd, CA

Tannin-containing plant

AE-34

GA, GAd, EA, EAd (× 2), KF, KFd, RH, EM, CA

Tannin-containing plant + buckthorn (Rhamnus sp.)

AE-35

GA, GAd, EA, LU, AP, EM, CA

Tannin-containing plant + weld (Reseda luteola L.) + rhubarb (Rheum sp.) or dock (Rumex sp.)

AE-36

GA, GAd (× 2), EA, EAd, CA

Tannin-containing plant

AE-37

GA, GAd, VA, VAd, EA, EAd, CA

Tannin-containing plant

AE-38

GA, VA, EA, NTC, CA

Tannin-containing plant + redwood (Caesalpina sp.)

AE-39

GA, EA, EAd (× 2), CA

Tannin-containing plant

AE-40

GA, EA, EAd (× 2), CA

Tannin-containing plant

  1. *VA: vanillic acid, VAd: vanillic acid derivative, GA: gallic acid, GAd: gallic acid derivative, EA: ellagic acid, EAd: ellagic acid derivative, CA: chrysophanic acid/chrsophanol, CAd: chrysophanic acid derivative, IRH: isorhamnetin, RH: rhamnetin, KF: kaempferol, KFd: kaempferol derivative, EM: emodin, NTC: Nowik Type C, NTCd: Nowik Type C derivative, FL: flavon, LU: luteolin, AP: apigenin, AL: alizarin, PU: purpurin