Table 1 Gap-filling material samples for the measurement of the flexural modulus
Resin | Reinforcing material | Preparation | Abbreviation | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
QuickCopper bicomponent epoxy putty Copper reinforced commercial product used in bronze conservation | Manual mixing (M.M) | QC | ||
UHU-Plus Endfest 300 bicomponent epoxy Resin widely used in bronze conservation | None | Â | M.M | UH |
Talc powder Widely used in China for being easy to carve | 600 mesh | M.M. resin:powder = 1:1 (v:v) | UH-T600-S | |
600 mesh | M.M. resin:powder = 2:1 (v:v) | UH-T600-US | ||
325 mesh | M.M. resin:powder = 1:1 (v:v) | UH-T325-S | ||
Corundum powder To explore the influence of the toughness of powder; not in practical use | 325mesh | M.M. resin:powder = 1:1 (v:v) | UH-C325-S | |
Bronze sheet Alloy composition: Cu92.4, Sn5.8, Ni1.3 | 0.2 mm | Resin applied to both sides until the whole thickness = 1 mm | UH-BS02 | |
0.5Â mm | UH-BS05 | |||
Brass sheet Alloy composition: Cu62, Zn37 | 0.5Â mm | UH-ZS05 | ||
Bronze mesh Alloy composition: Cu85-90, Sn5-15 | 20 mesh | Resin applied in mesh and on both sides until the whole thickness = 1 mm | UH-BM20 | |
Brass mesh Alloy composition: Cu65, Zn35 | 20 mesh | UH-ZM20 | ||
Chopped glass fiber Alkali-free, single fiber diameter ca. 10-20 μm | 3 mm (length) | M.M. Resin saturated with fiber | UH-GFF-S | |
Glass fiber cloth Alkali-free, plain weave, 200Â g/m2, ca. 0.16Â mm in thickness | 4 layers | Hand layup (H.L.). Resin on the back and front were intentionally made thicker | UH-GFC-4 | |
Chopped carbon fiber PAN (Polyacrylonitrile)-based, single fiber diameter ca. 7–10 μm | 3 mm (length) | M.M. Resin saturated with fiber | UH-CFF-S | |
3Â mm (length) | M.M. Resin unsaturated with fiber | UH-CFF-US | ||
Carbon fiber cloth TORAY PAN-based 1Â K plain weave cloth, 120Â g/m2, ca. 0.16Â mm in thickness | 4 layers | Hand layup (H.L.). Resin on the back and front were intentionally made thicker | UH-CFC-4 | |
8 layers | H.L. Resin on the back and front were intentionally made thicker till the whole thickness = 2 mm | UH-CFC-8 | ||
Sinopec CYD-128 bicomponent epoxy Resin of low viscosity applicable to vacuum infusion (V.I.) | None | Â | M.M. | CY |
Carbon fiber cloth TORAY PAN-based 1 K Plain weave cloth, 120 g/m2, ca. 0.16 mm in thickness | 4 layers | H.L. Resin on the outer surfaces of the first and last layer were thickened till the whole thickness = 1 mm | CY-CFC-4 | |
4 layers | V.I. UHU resin applied after laying up till the whole thickness = 1 mm | CY-CFC-4-VI-UH | ||
4 layers | V.I. Final thickness = 0.7 mm | CY-CFC-4-VI | ||