Research methods for heritage cotton fibres: case studies from archaeological and historical finds in a Finnish context

Heritage Science

Table 3 Structural parameters determined using WAXS: cellulose crystallite widths, crystallinity indexes (CR), Herman’s orientation parameter (OP), mean microfibril angles (mMFA) and the azimuth angle values for the 50% I_max

sample	Width (nm) ± 0.2 nm	CR ± 0.03	OP [± 0.07]	mMFA (°) [± 2°]	50% I_max (°) [± 2°]
White Karelian¹ [48]
1a	7.5¹	0.50	0.49¹	24	33
1d	7.8¹	0.45	0.43¹	27	40
82c (blue)	7.5¹	0.44	0.30¹	28	37
82c (orange)	6.8¹	0.50	0.47¹	24	32
85a	6.6¹	0.48	0.54¹	22	31
95b	6.4¹	0.47	0.54¹	22	32
99c	6.9¹	0.45	0.48¹	24	35
Reference fibres
G. arboreum	6.0	0.54	0.56	20	27
G. barbadense	6.6	0.57	0.53	24	35
G. herbaceum	5.9	0.53	0.43	24	41
G. hirsutum	6.3	0.54	0.57	24	32
G. barbadense 1998–0267	5.9	0.57	0.44	27	38
G. barbadense 2008–0392	6.3	0.54	0.57	23	32
G. herbaceum 1998–0268	5.8	0.54	0.49	24	34