Assessing different measures of fire risk for Cultural World Heritage Sites

Heritage Science

Table 2 Probit estimations of perceptions of wildfire risks to Cultural World Heritage Sites.

Explanatory variables	Coeff	z-stat	dy/dx	z-stat
Area in hectares	0.000	1.49	0.000	1.50
Year inscribed	− 0.010	− 1.16	− 0.003	− 1.19
Danger list	1.898***	3.34	0.588***	3.55
Wood in buildings or on the site	0.486*	1.80	0.151*	1.79
Inscription criteria
C1 masterpiece of human creative genius	− 0.574**	− 2.38	− 0.178**	− 2.54
C2 architecture or technology, monumental arts, town-planning or landscape design	− 0.121	− 0.79	− 0.038	− 0.80
C3 cultural tradition or to a civilization	− 0.297**	− 2.21	− 0.092**	− 2.25
C4 building, architectural or technological ensemble or landscape	− 0.221	− 1.50	− 0.068	− 1.48
C5 traditional human settlement, land-use, or sea-use	− 0.234	− 0.96	− 0.072	− 0.94
C6 events or living traditions, ideas, beliefs, artistic and literary works	− 0.451***	− 3.41	− 0.140***	− 3.28
Kind of site
Cultural landscape (reference category: other)	− 0.121	− 0.86	− 0.037	− 0.85
City	− 0.745***	− 4.15	− 0.231***	− 4.40
Religious site	0.231	1.57	0.072	1.63
Transboundary	0.004	0.01	0.001	0.01
Country group
North Europe (reference category Western Europe)	1.093***	3.01	0.339***	3.26
South Europe (incl. South France)	0.964***	3.19	0.298***	3.48
Eastern Europe	1.536***	4.26	0.476***	5.02
Constant	19.869	1.14
Number of observations	346
McFadden’s Pseudo R²	0.189

***, ** and * denote significance at the 1, 5, and 10% levels. The underlying dependent variable is the perception of negative factors (actual/or potential) due to wildfires to the (Cultural) World Heritage Sites. Non-European sites are not included. Standard errors are adjusted for 50 country clusters. dy/dx denotes the marginal effects.