Assessing different measures of fire risk for Cultural World Heritage Sites

Heritage Science

Table 3 Probit estimations of perceptions of wildfire risks to Cultural World Heritage Sites (with latitude).

Explanatory variables	Coeff	z-stat	dy/dx	z-stat
Area in hectares	0.000	1.26	0.000	1.27
Year inscribed	− 0.011	− 1.23	− 0.004	− 1.24
Danger list	1.646***	2.62	0.570***	2.74
Wood in buildings or on the site	0.537**	2.20	0.186**	2.17
Inscription criteria
C1 masterpiece of human creative genius	− 0.617***	− 2.89	− 0.214***	− 3.18
C2 architecture or technology, monumental arts, town-planning or landscape design	− 0.194	− 1.35	− 0.067	− 1.35
C3 cultural tradition or to a civilization	− 0.198	− 1.23	− 0.068	− 1.23
C4 building, architectural or technological ensemble or landscape	− 0.168	− 1.07	− 0.058	− 1.07
C5 traditional human settlement, land-use, or sea-use	− 0.083	− 0.32	− 0.029	− 0.32
C6 events or living traditions, ideas, beliefs, artistic and literary works	− 0.446***	− 3.90	− 0.154***	− 3.93
Kind of site
Cultural landscape (reference category: other)	− 0.123	− 0.88	− 0.042	− 0.87
City	− 0.618***	− 3.60	− 0.214***	− 3.76
Religious site	0.234*	1.82	0.081*	1.88
Transboundary	0.064	0.14	0.022	0.14
Location
Latitude	− 0.007	− 0.42	− 0.003	− 0.42
Constant	22.031	1.26
Number of observations	346
McFadden’s Pseudo R²	0.098

***, ** and * denote significance at the 1, 5, and 10% level. The underlying dependent variable is the perception of negative factor (actual/or potential) due to wildfires to the (Cultural) World heritage sites. Non-European sites are not included. Standard errors are adjusted for 50 country clusters. dy/dx denotes the marginal effects.