ZnO, TiO2 and Fe3O4/Carbopol hybrid nanogels for the cleaner process of paper manuscripts from dust stains and soil remains

Heritage Science

Table 1 The results of color change for the aged mud stained paper, treated and aged treated paper samples

Samples	L	a	b	ΔE	L	a	b	ΔE
Aged stained sample before treatment	63.47	1.75	9.39	0.0G	63.47	1.75	9.39	0.0G
TiO₂ NP/carbopol hybrid nanogel
Low viscosity gel					High viscosity gel
Treated sample before ageing	73.78	2.63	13.20	11.03C ± 0.015	77.42	2.25	12.40	14.28E ± 0.026
Treated sample after ageing	70.57	3.90	14.67	9.11D ± 0.010	76.83	2.36	13.10	13.88F ± 0.010
ZnO NP/carbopol hybrid nanogel
Low viscosity gel					High viscosity gel
Treated sample before ageing	79.00	1.90	11.05	15.62A ± 0.010	83.04	1.53	12.11	19.76A ± 0.010
Treated sample after ageing	78.27	2.22	12.52	15.12B ± 0.021	82.61	1.64	12.03	19.32B ± 0.010
Fe₃O₄ NP/carbopol hybrid nanogel
Low viscosity gel					High viscosity gel
Treated sample before ageing	67.84	2.77	11.87	5.13E ± 0.011	80.88	1.33	10.28	17.44C ± 0.011
Treated sample after ageing	65.06	2.35	10.44	2.003F ± 0.011	79.21	1.07	9.86	15.76D ± 0.017
LSD 0.05				0.0223				0.0251

Means with the same letter within the same column are not significantly different according to LSD at 0.05 level of probability