Table 2 The results of mechanical properties (Tensile strength and Elongation at break) for the aged dust-stained paper, treated paper, and aged treated paper samples

Aged stained sample before treatment

17.21G ± 0.010

0.568G ± 0.002

17.21G ± 0.010

0.568G ± 0.002

TiO₂ NP/carbopol hybrid nanogel

 Low viscosity nanogel

High viscosity nanogel

  Treated sample before aging

30.05C ± 0.010

0.920C ± 0.001

36.60E ± 0.010

1.013E ± 0.0011

  Treated sample after aging

26.88D ± 0.0115

0.904D ± 0.001

35.28F ± 0.015

0.976F ± 0.0015

ZnO NP/carbopol hybrid nanogel

 Low viscosity naogel

High viscosity nanogel

  Treated sample before aging

37.58A ± 0.011

1.159A ± 0.002

56.40A ± 0.010

1.398A ± 0.001

  Treated sample after aging

37.08B ± 0.010

1.049B ± 0.001

56.0B ± 0.010

1.328B ± 0.001

Fe₃O₄ NP/carbopol hybrid nanogel

 Low viscosity nanogel

High viscosity nanogel

  Treated sample before aging

18.93E ± 0.011

0.815E ± 0.001

53.8C ± 0.010

1.239C ± 0.001

  Treated sample after aging

17.35F ± 0.0115

0.654F ± 0.001

42.10D ± 0.010

1.200D ± 0.001

  LSD 0.05

0.0191

0.0026

0.0191

0.0023