Table 3 The characteristic function groups were identified in the treated and aged treated paper samples with TiO2NP or ZnONP, and Fe3O4NP/ carbobol nanogel
Characteristic peaks of cellulose | TiO2 NP/carbobol nanogel | ZnO NP/carbopol hybrid nanogel | Fe3O4 NP/carbobol nanogel | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Low viscosity | High viscosity | Low viscosity | High viscosity | Low viscosity | High viscosity | |||||||
Before ageing | After ageing | Before ageing | After ageing | Before ageing | After ageing | Before ageing | After ageing | Before ageing | After ageing | Before ageing | After ageing | |
OH | – | – | 3290 | – | – | – | 3330 | 3330 | – | – | 3230 | 3260 |
Intensity (%) | – | – | 73.90 | – | – | – | 93.80 | 84.20 | – | – | 85.09 | 83.90 |
CH | 2870 | – | – | – | 2880 | 2890 | 2910 | 2910 | – | – | 2856 | 2849 |
Intensity | 89.60 | – | – | – | 89.70 | 89.50 | 96.00 | 85.90 | – | – | 87.80 | 86.84 |
C = O, C = C | – | – | – | – | 1600 | – | 1640 | 1640 | – | 1677 | 1605 | – |
Intensity (%) | – | – | – | – | 95.00 | – | 99.20 | 90.50 | – | 87.26 | 92.37 | – |
CH | – | – | 1400 | – | 1400 | 1410 | 1420 | 1360 | 1419 | 1409 | – | – |
Intensity (%) | – | – | 78.40 | – | 93.90 | 93.30 | 97.80 | 89.70 | 90.10 | 85.26 | – | – |
C–O–C | 982 | 982 | 966 | 989 | – | – | 1030 | 1030 | 974 | 991 | 998 | 992 |
Intensity (%) | 81.30 | 78.00 | 58.80 | 75.80 | – | – | 84.50 | 79.70 | 84.51 | 76.92 | 81.49 | 77.85 |
O–H | – | 777 | – | 666 | 650 | 787 | 809 | 672 | – | – | – | – |
Intensity (%) | – | 90.90 | – | 83.70 | 84.50 | 93.90 | 96.00 | 85.10 | – | – | – | – |