Table 2 Summary of the techniques used to characterize the corpus of samples
From: An analytical survey of zinc white historical and modern artists’ materials
Technique | Addressed property | Sample preparation | Studied samplesa | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Powder | Paint | Powder | Paint | ||
OM under visible and UV light | Color, photoluminescence | As-is | As-is | All | All |
SEM–EDX | Particle morphology and size, elemental composition | Dispersed in ethanol and dried on a Si wafer | Cross-section | 20 | 10 |
PIXE | Elemental composition, trace elements | Between polypropylene sheets | 19 | 22 | |
XRD | Crystalline structure, composition, particle sizeb | As-is for micro-XRD; in borosilicate capillaries for HR-XRD | 22 | 23 | |
CL | Cathodoluminescence | Mixed with araldite and spread on a roughened glass slide | Cross-section | 19 | 15 |
FTIR | Type of binder, presence of metal soaps, and other compounds | As-is | As-is | 12 | 18 |