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Table 1 Paintings chosen for this study and their characteristics, the (non) monotonous character of the behavior refers to the response to a step humidity change, called (non) flying wood. More information on this topic are present in [3]

From: Exploring the inner hygro-mechanical behaviour of historical panel paintings: a novel approach using digital twins

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WPP

Dimensions

Main Characteristics

1

Madonna with Child

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530 × 900x14 mm

Panel in Poplar (Populus alba L.)

Crossbeams in chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.)

• Behavior: non monotonous

• Behavior with insulated front: monotonous

• Medium Paint Layer Stiffness

• Medium Paint Emissivity

• Low rear Emissivity

• 40 mm distant from the pith

4

Madonna with Child, Saint John and monk

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645 × 775x23 mm

Panel in Poplar (Populus alba L.)

Crossbeams in chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.)

• Behavior: monotonous

• Behavior with insulated front: monotonous

• High Paint Layer Stiffness

• Medium Paint Emissivity

• Medium rear Emissivity

• 20 mm distant from the pith

5

Crucifixion with Madonna and Saint John

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655 × 855x30 mm

Panel in Poplar (Populus alba L.)

Crossbeams in chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.)

• Behavior: non monotonous

• Behavior with insulated front: non monotonous

• Medium Paint Layer Stiffness

• Low Paint Emissivity

• Low rear Emissivity

• 50 mm distant from the pith