Table 2 The results of mechanical properties (Tensile strength and Elongation at break) for the aged soot stained paper, treated paper and aged treated paper samples

Aged stained sample before treatment

29.11G ± 0.025

0.768F ± 0.002

29.11F ± 0.025

0.768G ± 0.002

Low-viscosity nanogel

High-viscosity nanogel

TiO₂/carbopol hybrid nanogel

 Treated sample before aging

32.07E ± 0.07

0.780E ± 0.002

35.90D ± 0.02

0.908E ± 0.002

 Treated sample after aging

30.1F ± 0.20

0.721G ± 0.002

35.21E ± 0.02

0.799F ± 0.002

ZnO/carbopol hybrid nanogel

 Treated sample before aging

53.9A ± 0.2

1.448A ± 0.002

61.80A ± 0.2

1.174A ± 0.002

 Treated sample after aging

49.70B ± 0.015

1.291B ± 0.002

55.90B ± 0.2

1.169B ± 0.002

Fe₃O₄/carbopol hybrid nanogel

 Treated sample before aging

46.53C ± 0.02

1.052C ± 0.002

49.67C ± 0.02

1.249C ± 0.002

 Treated sample after aging

46.22D ± 0.025

0.942D ± 0.002

49.58C ± 0.02

1.128D ± 0.002

 P-value

 < 0.0001

 < 0.0001

 < 0.0001

 < 0.0001

 LSD 0.05

0.195

0.004

0.1903

0.004