Table 3 The characteristic function groups identified with the treated paper samples with various nanogels before and after aging process
From: Hybrid nanogels and their roles in eliminating soot stains from historical paper manuscripts
Characteristic peaks of cellulose | TiO2/carbopol hybrid nanogel | ZnO/carbopol hybrid nanogel | Fe3O4/carbopol hybrid nanogel | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Low-viscosity | High-viscosity | Low-viscosity | High-viscosity | Low-viscosity | High-viscosity | |||||||
Before aging | After aging | Before aging | After aging | Before aging | After aging | Before aging | After aging | Before aging | After aging | Before aging | After aging | |
OH | – | – | 3292 | 3292 | 3281 | 3351 | 3293 | 3292 | 3349 | 3350 | 3295 | 3292 |
CH | 2829 | 2895 | – | – | 2963 | 2841 | 2848 | 2838 | 2849 | 2855 | 2847 | 2855 |
C = O, C = C | – | – | 1491 | – | 1471 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
CH | – | – | – | – | 1306 | 1170 | 1306 | 1471 | – | – | – | – |
C–O–C | 1066 | 983 | 1016 | – | 1165/993 | 1000 | 992 | 987 | 1022 | 1025 | 1023 | 998 |
O–H | – | – | 805 | 994 | 765 | 759 | 776 | 782 | 780 | 789 | 775 | – |