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Table 1 Influence of principals ENPs on animals and plants at both the organismal and biochemical levels

From: Antimicrobial engineered nanoparticles in the built cultural heritage context and their ecotoxicological impact on animals and plants: a brief review

Type of NPs

Biological group

Organisms

Toxic activity

References

TiO2

Insect

Drosophila melanogaster

Progeny loss and decline in female fecundity

Philbrook et al. [59]

Plants

Lemna paucicostata (Aquatic plant, duckweed)

Toxic effect on growth at concentration range of > 250 ppm

Kim et al. [60]

Lycopersicon esculentum

Reduced chlorophyll content and fruit productivity

Song et al. [61]

Spinacia oleracea

Increase of N cycle-related enzymes

Zheng et al. [62]

Ag

Insect

Drosophila melanogaster

Decrease in developmental success.

Philbrook et al. [59]

Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi

Larvicidal activity against mosquito borne diseases

Balakrishnan et al. [63]

Aedes albopictus, Toxorhynchites splendens, and Mesocyclops thermocyclopoides

Highly effective against larval instars (I–IV) and pupae. Reduced toxicity against the mosquito natural enemies M. thermocyclopoides and T. splendens

Kumar et al. [64]

Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus

Activity against mosquito larvae in a dose-dependent manner

Ramkumar et al. [65]

Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi

High toxicity against the treated larvae at very low concentrations

Velu et al. [66]

Annelids

Eisenia andrei

Bioaccumulation of silver nanoparticles in earthworms

Velicogna et al. [67]

Eisenia fetida

Toxicity increase with time

Diez-Ortiz et al. [68]

Plants

Allium cepa

Abnormalities in post meiotic products in root tip and flower buds. Both mitotic and meiotic indexes decrease with increasing concentrations of bio-AgNPs in the treated cells

Saha and Gupta [69]

Cucumis sativus

Growth indices (except pH of fruit), and concentration of silver heavy metal increased significantly

Shams et al. [70]

Aquatic plant duckweed Lemna paucicostata

Ag-NP (50 nm at > 1 ppm) inhibits growth of Lemna

Kim et al. [60]

Arabidopsis thaliana

Up-regulation of 286 genes and down-regulation of 81 genes after treatment

Kaveh et al. [71]

Oryza sativa (Asian rice)

Cytotoxic. Increased protein precursors for oxidative stress tolerance, calcium regulation and signalling, cell wall/DNA/RNA/protein direct damage, cell division, and apoptosis after exposure for 21 days

Mirzajani et al. [72]

Allium cepa

Oxidative stress and toxicity in roots only when applied in higher concentrations (25, 50, 75 and 100 µM)

Cvjetko et al. [73]

CuO

Insect

Drosophila melanogaster

DNA damage in larval hemocytes and mutant spots on wings

Carmona et al. [38]

Enchytraeus crypticus

Toxic for reproductive output of the worms

Gomes et al. [74]

Plants

Vigna radiata

Reduced shoot and root length and biomass

Gopalakrishnan Nair et al. [75]

Lactuca sativa

Reduced the root length

Liu et al. [76]

ZnO

Insect

Helicoverpa armigera

Larvicidal and pupicidal strongly reduced longevity and fecundity. Reduced food consumption

Murugan et al. [77]

Annelids

Eisenia fetida

Significant damage to earthworms after exposure

Hu et al. [78]

Nematodes

Caenorhabditis elegans

Smaller particle sizes (< 25 nm) are toxic to nematode

Khare et al. [79]

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