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  1. The cathedral in Odense, Denmark, has for nine centuries held the relics of the Danish King St Canute the Holy and his brother Benedikt. They were both murdered in the predecessor church at the site in AD 1086...

    Authors: Poul Grinder-Hansen, Ulla Kjær, Morten Ryhl-Svendsen, Maria Perla Colombini, Ilaria Degano, Jacopo La Nasa, Francesca Sabatini, Johannes van der Plicht and Kaare Lund Rasmussen

    Citation: Heritage Science 2020 8:95

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  2. An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

    Authors: Ruth Ann Armitage, Daniel Fraser, Ilaria Degano and Maria Perla Colombini

    Citation: Heritage Science 2020 8:94

    Content type: Correction

    Published on:

    The original article was published in Heritage Science 2019 7:81

  4. Linqing brick is quite popular in Chinese history. Currently, identifying the origin of Linqing brick is an important issue to be studied in the field of archeology and architectural history in China. Hand-Hel...

    Authors: Zexuan Chen, Long Zhang, Feng Hou and Jialiang Xie

    Citation: Heritage Science 2020 8:92

    Content type: Research article

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  5. Almost three hundred Spanish colonial missions—or their remains—are scattered over the vast state of Chihuahua in northern Mexico. A few of them still display painted decorations on the wood ceilings and walls...

    Authors: Edgar Casanova-González, Miguel Ángel Maynez-Rojas, Alejandro Mitrani, Isaac Rangel-Chávez, María Angélica García-Bucio, José Luis Ruvalcaba-Sil and Karla Muñoz-Alcócer

    Citation: Heritage Science 2020 8:91

    Content type: Research article

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  6. As part of the NWO Science4Arts REVISRembrandt project (2012–2018), novel chemical imaging techniques were developed and applied to the study of Rembrandt’s late experimental painting technique (1651–1669). One o...

    Authors: A. van Loon, P. Noble, D. de Man, M. Alfeld, T. Callewaert, G. Van der Snickt, K. Janssens and J. Dik

    Citation: Heritage Science 2020 8:90

    Content type: Research article

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  7. The effects of environmental and conservation management scenarios on the permanence of the historical book collections housed at the Classense Library (Ravenna, Italy) were investigated. Non-destructive mater...

    Authors: Floriana Coppola, Natalie Brown, Floriana Amicucci, Matija Strlič and Alberto Modelli

    Citation: Heritage Science 2020 8:89

    Content type: Research article

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  8. An innovative survey was conducted of the collections of the historical Biblioteca Classense, located in the urban area of Ravenna (Northern Italy). The survey aimed to evaluate the current conservation state ...

    Authors: Natalie Brown, Floriana Coppola, Alberto Modelli, Floriana Amicucci, Dirk Lichtblau and Matija Strlič

    Citation: Heritage Science 2020 8:88

    Content type: Research article

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  9. The Buddhist sacred site of Taya Caves is a gem hidden underground in Yokohama, Japan. The caves were excavated and sculpted into bare rock by Shingon Buddhist monks from the Kamakura until the Edo period (thi...

    Authors: Luigi Germinario, Chiaki T. Oguchi, Yasuhiko Tamura, Sohyun Ahn and Momoko Ogawa

    Citation: Heritage Science 2020 8:87

    Content type: Research article

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  11. The Morgan Library & Museum, New York, owns twenty-five works on paper by the 18th-century English artist Thomas Gainsborough. Scholarly publications over the past 20 years, as well as Gainsborough’s own writi...

    Authors: Federica Pozzi, Julie Arslanoglu, Francesca Galluzzi, Caroline Tokarski and Reba Snyder

    Citation: Heritage Science 2020 8:85

    Content type: Research article

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  12. Spectral imaging modalities, including reflectance and X-ray fluorescence, play an important role in conservation science. In reflectance hyperspectral imaging, the data are classified into areas having simila...

    Authors: Tania Kleynhans, Catherine M. Schmidt Patterson, Kathryn A. Dooley, David W. Messinger and John K. Delaney

    Citation: Heritage Science 2020 8:84

    Content type: Research article

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  13. Waterlogged archaeological wood can present management challenges due to its vulnerability to chemical and biological decay, both during burial and post-excavation. Decay processes also often leave it severely...

    Authors: Kirsty E. High and Kirsty E. H. Penkman

    Citation: Heritage Science 2020 8:83

    Content type: Review

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  14. A series of scientific methods (X-ray analyses, optical and electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and thermal analyses) was used to research the ceramic bodies and glazes of forty vessels from Renaissance Pr...

    Authors: Alexandra Kloužková, Martina Kohoutková, Mária Kolářová, Gabriela Blažková, Radka Šefců, Pavla Dvořáková and Martina Bajeux Kmoníčková

    Citation: Heritage Science 2020 8:82

    Content type: Research article

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  15. Many of Central Park’s bronze statues were coated with lacquer as a protective measure between the late 1970s and early 1990s. In several cases, these coatings outlasted their performance life and were no long...

    Authors: Elena Basso, Federica Pozzi and Matthew C. Reiley

    Citation: Heritage Science 2020 8:81

    Content type: Research article

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  16. Reigate Stone was used in high profile projects across London during a key growth period and represents an important chapter of architectural heritage. Historic Reigate masonry is subject to inherent variabili...

    Authors: Martin Michette, Heather Viles, Constantina Vlachou and Ian Angus

    Citation: Heritage Science 2020 8:80

    Content type: Research article

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  17. The Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, owns one of the largest motorized works made by the renowned American artist Alexander Calder, titled Half-Circle, Quarter-Circle, and Sphere. Created in 1932, and ac...

    Authors: Federica Pozzi, Julie Arslanoglu and Eleonora Nagy

    Citation: Heritage Science 2020 8:79

    Content type: Research article

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  18. We report a simple histological study on skin biopsies from young domestic sheep following each step in transformation from skin to parchment production. During the recreation of historical parchment manufactu...

    Authors: Marc Fourneau, Caroline Canon, Daniel Van Vlaender, Matthew J. Collins, Sarah Fiddyment, Yves Poumay and Olivier Deparis

    Citation: Heritage Science 2020 8:78

    Content type: Research article

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  19. This paper reports on the evaluation of a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) “twin-chain” polymer network (TC-PN) combined with an oil-in-water nanostructured fluid (NSF) for the removal of a polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) var...

    Authors: Luciano Pensabene Buemi, Maria Laura Petruzzellis, David Chelazzi, Michele Baglioni, Rosangela Mastrangelo, Rodorico Giorgi and Piero Baglioni

    Citation: Heritage Science 2020 8:77

    Content type: Research article

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  20. During the Classical Period (300 BC–400 AD), the Indian Ocean emerged as one of the largest hubs of ancient international trade. For a long period, these contacts were described from a Rome-centric point of vi...

    Authors: Silvia Lischi, Eleonora Odelli, Jhashree L. Perumal, Jeannette J. Lucejko, Erika Ribechini, Marta Mariotti Lippi, Thirumalini Selvaraj, Maria Perla Colombini and Simona Raneri

    Citation: Heritage Science 2020 8:76

    Content type: Research article

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  21. Every year, maritime archaeologists around the globe are faced with the daunting task of recording hundreds, if not thousands, of individual ship timbers. The in-depth recording of ship timbers is a process wh...

    Authors: Thomas Van Damme, Jens Auer, Massimiliano Ditta, Michał Grabowski and Marie Couwenberg

    Citation: Heritage Science 2020 8:75

    Content type: Research article

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  22. During the Second World War the German occupants of the Netherlands made ample use of the Scheveningen prison near The Hague, popularly nicknamed the Oranjehotel. One former death cell in this infamous prison (Do...

    Authors: Joost Wempe, Rick van den Brink, Esmée Mooldijk, Nienke Feirabend, Ruben Wiersma, Jilt Sietsma and Joris Dik

    Citation: Heritage Science 2020 8:74

    Content type: Research article

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  23. Radiocarbon dating has been performed on cortical femoral tissue samples from Tycho Brahe (1546–1601) and his wife Kirsten Barbara Jørgensdatter (1549–1604). No discernible reservoir effect has been observed i...

    Authors: Johannes van der Plicht, Sylva Drtikolová Kaupová, Petr Velemínský, Jiří Smolík, Jan Kučera, Jan Kameník, Vladimír Havránek, Jaroslav Brůžek, Jens Vellev and Kaare Lund Rasmussen

    Citation: Heritage Science 2020 8:73

    Content type: Communication

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  24. For millennia, qeros have been a primary component of ceremonially and politically important toasting rituals in the Andes and retain their cultural significance to this day. These wooden drinking vessels unde...

    Authors: Allison N. Curley, Alyson M. Thibodeau, Emily Kaplan, Ellen Howe, Ellen Pearlstein and Judith Levinson

    Citation: Heritage Science 2020 8:72

    Content type: Research article

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  25. The degradation of laboratory oil paint film specimens containing indigo and Prussian blue pigments and pictorial samples from the Sant Francesc de Paula painting exhibited in the Tomàs Balvey Arxiu Museum (Carde...

    Authors: Antonio Doménech-Carbó, María Teresa Doménech-Carbó, Laura Osete-Cortina, Margherita Donnici, Núria Guasch-Ferré, Rosa M. Gasol-Fargas and Manuel Ángel Iglesias-Campos

    Citation: Heritage Science 2020 8:71

    Content type: Research article

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  26. The conservation of the architectural heritage has enjoyed a long course of development over the recent decades. Conservation practice is based on the values offered by the architectural heritage resources for...

    Authors: Mohammad Sadegh Taher Tolou Del, Bahram Saleh Sedghpour and Sina Kamali Tabrizi

    Citation: Heritage Science 2020 8:70

    Content type: Research article

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  27. Up to now, there have been few monographic analyses of metal ornaments in China. This study presents a case study of the metallurgical archaeology on bracelets from Huili (会理), which may shed light on the issu...

    Authors: Dian Chen, Yingdong Yang, Jing Du, Xiang Tang and Wugan Luo

    Citation: Heritage Science 2020 8:69

    Content type: Research article

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  28. Volatile organic solids, such as cyclododecane or menthol, have been employed as temporary reinforcement material during archaeological excavations. They are usually applied as melts and reinforcement is achie...

    Authors: Xiuxiu Chen, Yang Xu, Ming Chen, Xiao Huang, Hongjie Luo and Yicheng Song

    Citation: Heritage Science 2020 8:68

    Content type: Research article

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  29. Many bronze objects were unearthed in the capital of the Shu state in present-day Chengdu. However, only a few metallurgical studies have been carried out on those objects. This research attempts to study the ...

    Authors: Haichao Li, Zhiqiang Zuo, Jianfeng Cui, Jianbo Tian, Yingdong Yang, Li Yi, Zhiqing Zhou and Jianan Fan

    Citation: Heritage Science 2020 8:67

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  31. The spontaneous degradation of pigments in painting may occur depending on environment, especially the surrounding condition of high humidity and soluble salts. Even some of these are well studied, more invest...

    Authors: Zhimin Li, Lele Wang, Huili Chen and Qinglin Ma

    Citation: Heritage Science 2020 8:64

    Content type: Research article

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  32. Individuals buried in two 17th–18th Century private chapels, each attached to a Franciscan Friary—one in Italy the other in Denmark—have been studied and sampled for trace element analysis. This selection of i...

    Authors: Kaare Lund Rasmussen, Thomas Delbey, Paolo d’Imporzano, Lilian Skytte, Simone Schiavone, Marielva Torino, Peter Tarp and Per Orla Thomsen

    Citation: Heritage Science 2020 8:65

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  35. This study combines scientific and connoisseurship approaches to establish a production chronology of 141 woodblock prints from Katsushika Hokusai’s series Thirty-Six Views of Mount Fuji belonging to different cu...

    Authors: Marc Vermeulen, Lucia Burgio, Nathalie Vandeperre, Elyse Driscoll, Madeleine Viljoen, Janie Woo and Marco Leona

    Citation: Heritage Science 2020 8:62

    Content type: Research article

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  36. Could not be possible that rock paintings with similar hues and morphologies were the result of different paint preparations inside a cave but distanced in time? Is there any archaeometric approach that allow ...

    Authors: Lucas Gheco, Marcos Tascon, Eugenia Ahets Etcheberry, Marcos Quesada and Fernando Marte

    Citation: Heritage Science 2020 8:60

    Content type: Research article

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  38. The area-specific emission rates of formic acid and acetic acid from heritage objects made of wood and paper were quantified for normal indoor room conditions (23 °C, 50% RH) as well as for cooler (10 °C) and ...

    Authors: Signe Hjerrild Smedemark, Morten Ryhl-Svendsen and Alexandra Schieweck

    Citation: Heritage Science 2020 8:58

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  39. The smithing skills of craftsmen in the western Mediterranean during the early Iron Age can be determined by studying the microstructure of oxidised iron items. While some ghost structures have already been id...

    Authors: A.-L. Grevey, V. Vignal, H. Krawiec, P. Ozga, K. Peche-Quilichini, A. Rivalan and F. Mazière

    Citation: Heritage Science 2020 8:57

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  40. This research is part of a wider scientific Italian-Indo project finalised to shed lights on pottery fabrication and trade circulation in Tamil Nadu region during Early Historical Period. The recent archaeolog...

    Authors: E. Odelli, T. Selvaraj, J. Perumal, V. Palleschi, S. Legnaioli and S. Raneri

    Citation: Heritage Science 2020 8:56

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  41. The Peleș National Museum in Sinaia, Romania, includes within its collection of musical instruments a unique harpsichord of the Taskin workshop. The instrument is representative of the eighteenth century Frenc...

    Authors: Ioana Maria Cortea, Luminița Ghervase, Lucian Ratoiu, Monica Dinu and Roxana Rădvan

    Citation: Heritage Science 2020 8:55

    Content type: Research article

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  42. Red discolorations are an effloresce phenomenon detect on the surface of stone objects and considered as damage factor in both esthetic and conservation points of view. It is very difficult to remove and seldo...

    Authors: Jianrui Zha, Shuya Wei, Chuanchang Wang, Zhimin Li, Youzhen Cai and Qinglin Ma

    Citation: Heritage Science 2020 8:54

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  43. Digital photogrammetry and spectral imaging are widely used in heritage sciences towards the comprehensive recording, understanding, and protection of historical artifacts and artworks. The availability of con...

    Authors: Efstathios Adamopoulos, Alessandro Bovero and Fulvio Rinaudo

    Citation: Heritage Science 2020 8:53

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  44. In conservation, adhesives are commonly used for the consolidation of canvases, yet their impact upon the canvas longevity has raised some concerns amongst conservators. As such, this study presents a testing ...

    Authors: Alexandra Bridarolli, Anna Nualart-Torroja, Aurélia Chevalier, Marianne Odlyha and Laurent Bozec

    Citation: Heritage Science 2020 8:52

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  45. Cellulose nitrate transparent plastic film was used by photographers and movie filmmakers from its release in the 1880s to the 1950s. The storage of this material is a challenge for cultural institutions becau...

    Authors: Elizabeth A. Carter, Brad Swarbrick, Thérèse M. Harrison and Lucilla Ronai

    Citation: Heritage Science 2020 8:51

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  46. Tituli Picti are an ancient form of urban graffiti very common in the archaeological site of Pompeii (Naples, South—Italy). They are generally made of red pigments applied on walls of Campanian ignimbrite. This p...

    Authors: Silvestro Antonio Ruffolo, Natalia Rovella, Anna Arcudi, Vincenza Crupi, Domenico Majolino, Massimo Osanna, Rossella Pace, Alessia Pantuso, Luciana Randazzo, Michela Ricca, Nicola Ruggieri, Valentina Venuti and Mauro Francesco La Russa

    Citation: Heritage Science 2020 8:49

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  47. Water seepage is the primary cause of stone carvings corrosion in karst caverns, which is typically treated with cement-based grout intervention. In this paper, long-term monitoring (more than 1 1/2 years) was...

    Authors: Shiqiang Fang, Bingjian Zhang and Kun Zhang

    Citation: Heritage Science 2020 8:50

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  48. The production of Japanese enamels for porcelain decoration was thought to have originated from the direct and exclusive influence of Chinese potters who moved to Japan during the chaotic Ming to Qing dynastic...

    Authors: Riccardo Montanari, Nobuyuki Murakami, Philippe Colomban, Maria Francesca Alberghina, Claudia Pelosi and Salvatore Schiavone

    Citation: Heritage Science 2020 8:48

    Content type: Research article

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  49. The pigments were important in the funerary customs of the ancient Maya. They could be introduced as an offering inside the tombs or burials, and were also used to wrap the dead bodies, as if it were a funeral...

    Authors: María Teresa Doménech-Carbó, María Luisa Vázquez de Agredos-Pascual, Laura Osete-Cortina, Antonio Doménech-Carbó, Nuria Guasch-Ferré and Cristina Vidal-Lorenzo

    Citation: Heritage Science 2020 8:47

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  50. An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

    Authors: Etsuo Uchida, Yuichiro Sakurai, Rathborith Cheng, Ichita Shimoda and Yu Saito

    Citation: Heritage Science 2020 8:46

    Content type: Correction

    Published on:

    The original article was published in Heritage Science 2020 8:38

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  • ISSN: 2050-7445 (electronic)